256 University of California Publications. | ZOOLOGY 
differences between the subspecies catalinensis, and the typical 
M. occidentalis. While these variations from the type occur 
rather constantly in specimens from the south, affecting as they 
do such variable appendages as spines and scuta, they are not 
considered of sufficient importance to establish a new species. 
The drawing (fig. 26) gives the impression, unfortunately, that 
the individual zoccia of the subspecies catalinensis are larger 
than those of the type M. occidentalis, but it was unintentionally 
made on a larger scale of magnification than was that of figure 23. 
9. Menipea erecta Robertson. 
PI Val, fies..28) 29573031" 
Menipea erecta Robertson, 1900, p. 317, Pl. XTX, figs. 1, 2. 
Scrupocellaria scabra, Robertson, 1900, p. 318, Pl. XIX, figs. 3, 4. 
Zoarium composed of numerous stiff, dichotomously divided 
branches from 20 to 25 mm. in length (fig. 28). Inter- 
nodes consisting of three, five, or seven zocecia, the number in- 
ereasing toward the extremities of the branches; articulations 
extending through the zoccia just below the aperture, some- 
times including its lower border (fig. 29, art.). Zoacia biserial, 
alternate, narrowed below ; aperture oblong, occupying more than 
half the front; margin raised, crenulate, with one or two blunt 
spines at the upper outer angle; scutuwm (sc.) a flattened spine, 
sometimes growing broad and bifid. Lateral avicularia fre- 
quently wanting (fig. 30), sometimes feebly developed (fig. 31), 
and again rather large (fig. 29). When avicularia are present 
there is usually but one spine at the upper, outer angle, although 
this is not the invariable rule. Frontal avicularia (fr. av.) gen- 
erally present on each zocecium, though sometimes lacking; when 
present, they are situated to one side of the aperture, at the 
base of the scutum of the adjacent zocecium. Oacia large, glo- 
bose, more or less striated. Root fibres mainly upon the lower 
zocecia. springing directly from the zocecial wall and extending 
downward (fig. 30, 7.). 
Examination of material from several localities, especially 
of that from Puget Sound, leads me to unite the species for- 
