268 University of California Publications. [ ZooLoGy 
Each branch composed of many strap-like branchlets consisting 
of two series of zowcia, dichotomously divided to form a fan or 
frond. Zowcia narrow below, elongated, bearing three spines at 
the distal extremity, one stout and long (Pl. X, fig. 49, sp.), 
extending in a direction parallel with the branch, longer than 
the other two, a continuation of the wall of the zocwcium; two 
(sp.) at the top of the aperture projecting forward at right 
angles to the front surface. Aperture occupying more than two- 
thirds of the front of the zowcium. Avicularia large, pedun- 
culate, situated near the top or not more than half the length 
of the zocecium below the top. Oacia large, high, globose, extend- 
ine above the lower margin of the aperture of the next upper 
zocecium. Rootlets developed on lower zocecia, springing from 
front or ventral surface of zocecium below the aperture. 
The zoccia in this species are usually arranged biserially, 
but sometimes, especially near the point where the branch is 
about to divide it may contain for a short distance three or 
four rows of zocecia in the series (fig. 49). B. californica is 
most nearly allied to B. turbinata, but the zocecia are somewhat 
shorter and stouter; the avicularia are of much the same form 
and size, but are placed lower down on the zocecium; and the 
spines are constantly three instead of two, and of a different 
character from those of B. turbinata. The ocecia also differ, 
those of B. californica lacking the prominent process or peak 
described for B. turbinata. 
Colonies of large size oecur abundantly at Dillons Beach, 
California; B. californica is also found, but of less luxuriant 
erowth at Lands End, San Francisco Bay, and at Pacific Grove, 
Monterey Bay. 
18. Bugula pacifica Robertson. 
Pl. X, fig. 50; Pl. XVI, fig. 101. 
Bugula purpurotincta, Robertson, 00, p. 320. 
Bugula pacifica Robertson, 700, p. 321. 
Zoarium consisting of large bushy tufts having a somewhat 
spiral growth, often 75 mm. in height (Pl. XVI, fig. 101) ; col- 
onies frequently united by a sort of cable formed by union of 
