1919] Kofoid-Swczy: Triclwnympha campanula 77 



at the apex of the original V, and thus finally complete the original 

 splitting. Division of the chromosomes is thus in Trichonympha, as 

 in other flagellates, a fundamentally longitudinal process. 



In the division of the protoplasmic body the same longitudinal 

 type of division also holds true. In the rounding up of the body the 

 anteroposterior relations are somewhat obscured. The beginning of 

 the division process is found to be a longitudinal splitting of the 

 eentroblepharoplast and the cone-shaped anterior portion of the body 

 (pi. 8, figs. 33-36). This is followed by a splitting of the entire 

 ectoplasmic surface of the body in the same plane, which is funda- 

 mentally longitudinal (pi. 9, fig. 51). This relation is maintained 

 through the various stages of division to the early telophase (pi. 12, 

 fig. 76). At this point, however, the activity of the motor organelles 

 of the two attached daiighter cells becomes operative in different 

 directions, resulting in a cliange in the orientation of the two parts. 

 With the continued opposing activities of the flagella the daughter 

 flagellates are found attached to each other at the posterior regions 

 only, giving an apparent transverse direction to the plane of division 

 (pi. 12, fig. 79). This is apparent only and not the real direction 

 which is fundamentally longitudinal. The morphological plane in 

 which the chromosomes finally part at the metaphase coincides with 

 that in which the highly organized neuromotor system is divided in 

 plasmotomy. The plane of division of the chromomeres and chromo- 

 somes, and of the organized structures of the cytoplasm whose 

 behavior at mitosis can be determined, is thus one and the same 

 morpliologically longitudinal plane. 



RELATIONSHIPS 



The relationships of these peculiar and highl.y evolved organisms 

 has proven a source of some confusion. On the one hand ciliate 

 afiSnities have been claimed for them, and, on the other, they have 

 been listed as flagellates. Stein (1878), with the meager description 

 given in Leidy's first paper in 1877 as his only basis of classification, 

 correctly placed them among the flagellates. In this he has been 

 followed by most later taxonomists. Leidy, however, with his fuller 

 account of their structure in 1881, considered them intermediate 

 between the gregarines and ciliates but more nearly related to the 

 former. Kent (1882) followed this by placing them among the 

 holotrichous ciliates in the faimly Trichonymphidae, a family he 



