78 UHiversify of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 20 



formed for tliese parasites of the termites and included in it Fyrsoncma 

 and Dincnympha. 



The flagellate affinities of Trichonympha were recognized by 

 Grassi and Sandias (1893) who placed it in the familj^ Lophomona- 

 didae in the Flagellata. Biitschli (1889), however, reverts to the 

 classification of Kent and recognized them as belonging to the ciliates. 

 Senn (1900), with some doubt as to their actual position, placed them 

 in the order TrichonjTnphida as an appendix to the Flagellata, 

 but later (1911) allocated them in the Euflagellata. Hickson (1903) 

 in Lankester's Treatise on Zoology, added the family Trichonjinphidae 

 as an appendix to the Ciliata. Doflein (1911) followed Senn in his 

 classification of these puzzling forms, and, as had been earlier done 

 by Biitschli, attributed the formation of the family Trichonjinphidae 

 to Leidy, overlooking the fact that Leidy nowhere attempted to classify 

 the forms he described, while the family in question had been formed 

 by Kent for these parasites of the termites. 



The first complete systematic review of this subject is that given 

 bj' Cxrassi (1911), in which he presents some changes in the previous 

 taxonomie groupings. He formed a new order, the Hypermastigina, 

 closety following the order Polymastigina in the Flagellata. This 

 contained a single family, tlie Lophomonadidae Grassi. In this family 

 he placed all the forms possessing many flagella, as Trichonympha, 

 Lophomonas, and Joenia. Other changes that were made in the 

 taxonomie position of other membei-s of this group of parasites will 

 be noted in a later paper discussing this subject. 



In the genus Trichonympha he recognized two species, T. agilis 

 Leidy and T. minor Grassi. The species described by Hartmanli in 

 1910 as T. hertwigi, he rejects as defined by the describer, dividing 

 the forms he has figured among three different genera, that is, the 

 "young form" is referred to Pyrso^iymph-a, and two new genera are 

 created for the others. The "male" (Hartmann, 1910, pi. 28) he 

 placed in the genus HolomasUgotoides and the "female" (pi. 30) in 

 the genus Pseudotrichonympha. 



Poehe, in 1913, added still further to the confusion already existing 

 in this group bj^ creating a new order, the Trichonymphida, which 

 he placed in the Euflagellata. This contained four families, Dine- 

 nymphidae, Deveseovinidae, Calonymphidae, and Trichon.ymphidae. 

 The famil}^ Deveseovinidae he formed for a single genus, Dcvescovina 

 Foa, having but four flagella and in nowise related to the remainder 

 of this group of many-flagellated organisms. This genus we consider 



