1919] Kofoid-Swczij: Triclionijinplia campanida 79 



belongs in the order Polymastigina near the genus TricJicmwmis, to 

 which its axostjie, parabasal body and four flagella ally it. 



In a later paper we propose to give a fuller discussion of the 

 systematic relations of the parasites of the termites and will here 

 confine our attention to the genus Trichonyinpha, with the order and 

 family to which it belongs. 



The question of flagellate or ciliate relationships of Trichonympha 

 is one the solution of which finds little difficulty in the light of facts 

 concerning its morphology and division presented in this paper. We 

 have already discussed some aspects of its relationships elsewhere 

 (1919c) and will here onlj^ point out a few additional considerations. 

 The relation between the motor organelles and the ccintroblepharo- 

 plast is distinctly flagellate in character. The nearest approach to 

 this relationship among the ciliates is perhaps that found in the 

 ciliate Euplotes (Yocom, 1918). Here the ciliary components of 

 part of the cirri and the oral membranelles are bound together by 

 their connection with the motorium. The latter structure, however, 

 plays an entirely different role during division than does the centro- 

 blepharoplast of the flagellates. In Euplotes the motorium is passive 

 or apparently disappears at the time of division and is formed anew 

 in the daughter cells. In no case does it play an active part in 

 mitosis. In the flagellates, on the other hand, this structure becomes 

 the dominant, guiding figure in mitosis, dividing and acting as centro- 

 somes in the formation of the mitotic spindle. 



The occurrence of a highly differentiated ectoplasm is here corre- 

 lated with the development of the complex myonemes, which in turn 

 are probably directly correlated with the great increase in the number 

 of flagella. A comparable degree of ectoplasmic differentiation is 

 found in one other group of flagellates, the members of the subgenus 

 Pacliydinium in the genus Gyninodiwium among the dinoflagellates 

 (Kofoid and Swezy, 1919d), but without myonemes or flagella. 



It is thus seen that in its morphology as well as division, Tricho- 

 nympha possesses distinctly flagellate characteristics with none that 

 are exclusively ciliate in character. The complexity of its structures 

 is the result of a high degree of specialization and parallel evolution, 

 and in no way connects it with the ciliates. 



The po.ssibility of these flagellates forming a connecting link 

 between the Flagellata and the Ciliata, is also one for which we can 

 find no adequate basis. Thus far no near relatives of Trichonympha 

 have been found as free-living forms. They are confined exclusively 



