Yorkshire Naturalists at Barnard Casue. 229 



■Chestnut and Mountain Ash, of which there were numerous fine examples. 

 Helleborus viridis in fruit, Geum intermedhtm, Adoxa Moschatellina, 

 Chrysosplenuini a terni folium, Pyimula elatior and Cystopteris fragilis were 

 noted. 



The first thing to attract, at the entrance to Deepdale valley, was a 

 typical Alder-Willow swamp, developed on the alluvial flat with its 

 association of Ranunculus Ficaria, Caltha palustris, Nasturtium officinale, 

 Cardamine hirsuta, C. pratensis, C. amara. Lychnis Floscuculi, Stellaria 

 nemorum (in great abundance), Spircaa Ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium 

 Aparine, G. Witheringii, Angelica sylvestris, Petasites vulgaris., Veronica 

 Beccabunga, Iris Pseudo-acorus, Poa trivialis, Equisetum limosum and 

 E. palustre. 



The aroboreal features of the dale are most marked, the dominance 

 of certain types differing throughout. At the commencement the prevail- 

 ing trees are Sessile-fruited Oak, Sycamore, Mountain Elm and Beech ; 

 many excellent examples of the latter. This phase continues until merged 

 into an almost pure zone of Spruce Fir. Then follows an Oak-Birch- 

 Sycamore association, with Mountain Elm, Bird Cherry, Goat Willow 

 and Beech intermingled, continuing as far as the railway viaduct. For 

 the next three hundred yards to the right of the river. Birch zones are 

 common throughout. The dominancy however lies with Oak and Mountain 

 Elm, with sundry Ash, Goat Willow, Hazel, Elder, Blackthorn and Moun- 

 tain Ash, Scot's Pine and Spruce. The cliffs on the left are crowned 

 with a broad band of Spruce, Scot's Pine and Larch, with Hazel, Birch 

 and Goat Willow on the ledges and slopes. Between the lower and 

 upper falls, the conifers before mentioned, with Birch, are the dominant 

 species on the left side, and on the right. Oak, Sycamore, Mountain Elm 

 and Ash are the most noticeable, with Black Poplar, Bird Cherry , Hawthorn 

 Hazel, Alder and Geulder Rose. To the left of the lower fall a great 

 area has been cut down and is awaiting clearance. 



The most interesting plants noted were Geranium sylvaticum just 

 coming into bloom, Hypericum dubimn, Veronica moniana, V . serpylli folia, 

 Asperula odorata, Ranunculus auricomus, Geum intermedium, Paris 

 quadrifolia and Melica uniflora. Lathrcea squamavia was found growing 

 on the roots of Hazel, Mountain Elm, Hawthorn and Black Poplar. 

 Epilobium angustifolium is well established on the site of the old work- 

 shops. Seedlings of Ranunculus Ficaria were noted in great abundance, 

 as well as the axillary tubers. Fine specimens of Polystichitm acitleatum 

 were found between the viaduct and the lower fall, and above the upper 

 fall two stunted specimens of Juniperus communis. 



Among the ruins of the old Castle Cheiranthus Cheiri is abundant, 

 and Linaria Cymbalaria, Antirrhinum majits and Parietaria officinalis 

 also occur. 



Mycology. — Mr. W. N. Cheesman writes : — The number of fungi 

 observed and collected was quite up to expectation considering the time of 

 the year. The larger fungi were not numerous, the exceptions being the 

 St. George's Mushroom, which was abundant at the side of a grassy lane 

 near the ' Meeting of the Waters,' at Rokeby. These, together with 

 gatherings of Morels brought in by Dr. Woodhead and Mr. R. Fowler 

 Jones, amply supplied the proteins for the next morning's breakfast, and 

 were much appreciated. 



Armillarea mellea was responsible for the destruction of much coni- 

 ferous and deciduous timber in Deepdale, the black rhizomorph mycelium 

 between bark and wood bearing witness to the guilt of the accused. 

 Dasyscypha calycina was also causing injury to the Larches at both Deep- 

 dale and Rokeby. Of the eighteen species of Mycetozoa gathered, about 

 two-thirds were weathered specimens of last year's growth. The most 

 notable species was Diderma hemisphericum springing from creamy white 

 Plasmodium. 



1918 July 1. 



