330 Yorkshire Naturalists at Settle, 



for them. Descending to Saddleworth Station, exposures of the thinly 

 bedded Yoredales were noted, but no time was available for a close ex- 

 amination of the beds. The journey to Manchester was over the western 

 limb of the anticline whose eastern limb the party had traversed in the 

 morning, and the same rock sequence (but in the reverse order) was noted, 

 and we were soon over the Permians, on to the boulder-clay which covers 

 the Triassic plain. Leaving Manchester for Settle, our journey lay across 

 the Burnley Coalfield, which is crossed by the line of the Caledonian folding 

 in the Rossendale Anticline which brings up the Millstone Grit, evidence 

 of which could be seen. Approaching Blackburn, the well-known form 

 of Pendle Hill was seen on our right and formed a landmark for many miles. 

 About Clitheroe the folding of the limestones and shales along the north- 

 east — south-west axis (Caledonian) was splendidly displayed, while the 

 limestone knolls, of which Pimlico Quarry (the name sounded familiar to the 

 southerners in the party) shows a good example, made some of us wish for 

 a halt. The fiat top of Ingleborough seen on our left excited some interest, 

 as the scene of our labours for the next few days lay in its vicinity. 



Arriving at Giggleswick, the line of the South Craven Fault was 

 traceable by Giggleswick Scar and turning eastward at Settle. The 

 journey here, very briefly sketched, may indeed be described as one 

 long feast of ' tectonics ' and difficult to surpass in this respect by any 

 route of similar length in the country. 



Ingleborough was our objective on the following day, and travelling 

 via Horton-in-Ribblesdale to Ribblehead Station, which was the com- 

 mencement of our walk, both the South and North Craven Faults, with 

 the intervening three miles of Carboniferous Limestone were passed. 

 The quarry in the Horton Flags and the unconformity of the Carboniferous 

 and Silurian beds at Arco Wood, under Moughton Fell, were well seen 

 from the train, as were also Fountains Fell, Penyghent and Ingleborough. 

 The ascent of Ingleborough was made across the Great Scar Limestone 

 of Gauber Hill Pasture, Colt Park and Park Hill, the overgrown limestone 

 pavements of Colt Park being of extreme interest to the ecologists, but 

 somewhat impeded the progress of the party. Of the oft described 

 geological features of Ingleborough, Chapel-le-dale, etc., it is unnecessary 

 to say much here except that the geologists found the time all too short 

 and the workers too few to attempt making any real contribution to our 

 knowledge of this area. Descending Ingleborough on the south-east, 

 some of the party visited Hellan Pot, others crossed to Crummack Dale to 

 examine the double unconformity at Crummack Beck Head, where the 

 Carboniferous Limestone rests on a denuded anticline in the Silurians, 

 and these are again separated from the Ordovicians by a bed of con- 

 glomerate marking an unconformity, as long ago pointed out by the late 

 Professor McKenny Hughes in his work in this district. Sulber Nick 

 proved an attraction to one of the party, who walked its length in solitude 

 and traced it to its termination in the Scars above Horton-in-Ribblesdale 

 Station. This depression is certainly the line of a fault or disturbance 

 and is in the same straight line with the fault which had been seen on the 

 north-west side of Ingleborough. Throughout its length the Nick is 

 marked by large swallow holes, and thoiigh at a distance it appears like 

 the fallen-in roof of a shallow mine, there is no evidence that minerals 

 have ever been sought here. 



The official programme for Monday gave rather a late start for Keasden 

 Beck, so a few of the more energetic members anticipated this by about 

 two and a half hours, and arrived on the ground in good time. Striking 

 the beck not far above its junction with the River Wenning, hammers were 

 soon at work upon the fossiliferous shales which succeed the Kinderscout 

 Grit and are therefore on the same horizon as the Sabden Shales of the 

 Pendle area. Several splendid exposures were encountered and large 

 numbers of Goniatites, Posidoniellae and Orthoceratites soon obtained. 



The fault which crosses the beck was traceable, though not actually 



Naturalist 



