FOSSILS OF THE CARBONIFEROUS. 219 
Pancake Range, where numerous examples occur that may be referred to 
either form, according as the spine bases are more or less prominent, or the 
shell contracted or extended laterally. On comparing these and specimens 
of each variety from the Mississippi Valley it seems impossible to avoid the 
conclusion that they are one and the same species. 
Fig 12, plate xviii, is taken from a Chester limestone specimen, and 
the adjoining fig. 13 from a specimen found in the Upper Carboniferous 
limestone of the Eureka District. Comparing these and also the specimens 
with Mr. Davidson’s figures of Spiriferina cristata Schloth., 1816—S. octo- 
plicatus Sowerby, 1827, it appears that we have another very variable spe- 
cies that has a great vertical range and an extended geographic distribu- 
tion. Dr. White (Expl. and Surv. West 100th Merid., vol. iv, pt. 1, p. 140, 
1875) regards Spiriferina Kentuckensis and S. octoplicata as distinct species, 
but with the evidence now accessible I should be inclined to consider them 
and also S. spinosa as varieties of one and the same species 
In the Devonian White Pine shale of the White Pine Mining District 
there is a form that in its plications is similar to S. cristata, and in surface 
markings it is very much like S. insculpta Phillips. It occurs at the summit 
of the Devonian, and is referred to S. cristata Mr. Davidson has recognized 
the species in both the Middle and Lower Devonian (British Devonian 
Brachiopoda, p. 123). 
Formation and localities —In the Lower Carboniferous on the east slope 
of a small conical hill on the east side of Secret-cafion-road Canon and in 
the Upper Carboniferous limestone of the western slope and foothills of 
Diamond Peak, Eureka District, Nevada. 
Genus SYRINGOTHYRIS Winchell. 
Syringothyris cuspidata Martin (Sp.). 
Anomites cuspidatus Martin, 1796. See Davidson’s Mon. Brit. Carb.Brach., p. 44, and 
supplement, vol. iv, p. 278, 1880. 
Spirifer cuspidatus? Meek, 1877. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Par., vol. iv, p. 87, pl. iii, figs. 
11, lla. 
Mr. Meek cites this species from above the Devonian of the White Pine 
Mountains, Nevada. It is quite abundant on Richmond Mountain in one 
