58 Notes and Comments. 



fine achievement should be negatived, and that Kingmoor 

 as a Nature Reserve should be irreparably ruined, seems 

 beyond belief as an action of any enlightened City Council 

 during the 20th century. Once " cleared and drained " 

 the damage done can never be repaired, and future citizens 

 of Carlisle will only be able to deplore the short-sightedness 

 of those who were the City Fathers in 1920. Scientific men 

 and Naturalists throughout the country know from the most 

 valuable records which have appeared in this Journal, and in 

 other scientific publications, of the treasures of Kingmoor, 

 and how this valuable territory, under natural conditions, is 

 available to the people of Carlisle. We all envy Carlisle 

 students in the facilities they have for studying Nature as 

 she is, and with them we sincerely trust that better counsels 

 may be heard and the threatening catastrophe may be averted. 

 Everyone will sympathise with the Unemployment Committee 

 in endeavouring to find work for the unemployed, but surely 

 there is ample work to be done on the roads, towards which 

 Government grants may be obtained, or in other ways, without 

 taking such drastic measures as those suggested.' 



STILL RESERVED. 



We sent the preceding letter to the Carlisle press at the 

 urgent request of our friends in Carlisle. It was followed up 

 by letters from Messrs. D. L. Thorpe, L. E. Hope, F. H. Day, 

 G. F. Saul and others. Fortunately this and other opposition 

 proved effective, and Kingmoor is safe for the present. We 

 sincerely trust, however, that such steps will be taken that 

 will prevent the necessity for an agitation of this sort arising 

 in the future. 



REMOVING A REEF-KNOLL. 



On another page Prof. Marr refers to the discussion on the 

 origin of reef-knolls, which waxed warm at the meeting of 

 the British Association at Bradford, in 1900, at which the 

 writer was present. The late R. H. Tiddcman contended that 

 the knolls were accumulations on the Carboniferous sea floor, 

 formed after the manner of coral reefs. Prof. Marr opined 

 that they were purely tectonic in origin and were formed 

 during the faulting of the limestone. In support of his state- 

 ment he pointed out that a reef-knoll in miniature existed at the 

 apex of a fold in the limestone in the well-known Draughton 

 quarry near Skipton. 



AN F^XCURSION. 



To decide the matter, a week-end excursion was held in 

 the field, and Mr. W. Whitaker, F.R.S., and Mr. G. W. 

 Lamplugh, F.R.S., were appointed ' Lord High Executioners.' 

 On the first day the knolls were visited under the guidance 

 of Mr. Tiddeman, Prof. Marr being unable to attend.. After 



Naturalist 



