INTERESTING LOCALITIES OF THE ISUPEMING FORMATION. 429 



from a distnut source, but \\ith which are a few chert aud jasper fragments. 

 The whole is cemented by oxide of iron. The fragmental quartz grains 

 all show undulatory extinction and fracturing, and many are arranged with 

 their longer axes in a common direction. 



The presence of a quartzite above but a moderate thickness of the 

 chert and jasper conglomerate show^s that the Negaunee formation in this 

 vicinity was quickly buried by the Goodi'ich deposits, and tliat the major 

 jjortion of the material for the Goodrich quartzite was derived from the 

 Basement Complex or from the low^er part of the Lower Marquette series. 



Cascade area. — Soutli of Palmer there are a luimber of localities in which 

 the Goodrich quartzite is well exposed (Atlas Sheet XXXII). The whole 

 area is a basin, like that at Negaunee, with a subordinate fold, which pro- 

 duces a short arm or basin running southeast from the main area and 

 separated from the latter by the Negaunee formation. At the west end 

 of the Palmer area is the Volunteer mine. This is an eastward-plunging 

 syncline at the bottom of the Goodrich quartzite. The ore belongs wholly 

 to the Goodrich quartzite, a })art of it being the gray granular ore, 

 but much of it being .similar to the ore of the Goodrich mine, subse- 

 quently described. The latter is a micaceous hematite, in which are seen 

 luimerous little e3'es of fragmental quartz. The ore grades up into ordi- 

 nary ore, jasper, and quartz conglomerate, and this into a finer-grained 

 chert and quartz conglomerate. In thin section, in the gradation varieties 

 between the ore and conglomerate the partial replacement of the frag- 

 mental quartz by the magnetite may be seen. Much of the iron oxide was 

 detrital, and this has been changed to lustrous hematite, and the secondary 

 impregnation, as usual, is represented l)y the magnetite in crystals and 

 by its alteration product, martite. 



The village of Palmer is itself u\ion the area of the Goodrich 

 quartzite. If w^e go directly south, the westward-plunging anticline of 

 the Negaunee jasper is crossed, and we reach the south arm or basin 

 of the Goodrich quartzite. Along the southern side of the basin at a 

 numljer of points may be seen magnificent exposures of the great basal 

 conglomerate, resting directly and unconformably upon the Negaunee 

 jasper. Large, well-glaciated areas are perfectly l^are, in which the great 



