X CONTENTS. 



Chapter VIII. — Beaches FORMED WHES La.keAgassiz outflowed northeastward— Cont'd. Page. 



Beaches of the Emeratlo stages '154 



Beaches of the Ojata stages 459 



The Gladstone beach 462 



The Burnside beach "165 



The Ossowa beach 468 



The Stonewall beach -. 470 



Beaches of the Ni verville stages 471 



Chapter IX.— Changes in the levels of the iseaches 474 



Northward ascent of the western shore-linos 474 



Eastward ascent of the former lake levels 483 



Rate of ascent greatest toward the north-northeast 485 



Changes of levels nearly completed during the existence of Lake Agassiz 486 



Causes of the changes of levels 487 



Gravitation toward the lee-sheet 488 



Changes in the temperature of the earth's crust 491 



Epeirogenic movements apparently dependent on glaciation 492 



Discussion of the relationship of the earth's crust to the interior 493 



History of the doctrine of crust deformation by the i ce- sheet 497 



Tardiness in the beginning of the changes of levels of the Lake Agassiz basin 498 



Pauses In the crustal uplift recorded by the series of beaches 499 



Changes in levels of the beaches only a partial measure of the ice weight 500 



Review of Pleistocene oscillations of land and sea 501 



Preglacial elevation of North America shown by fjords and submarine river valleys 501 



Late Glacial or Champlain submergence shown by the fossiliferous marine beds over- 

 lying the till 505 



Eeelevation closely following the departure of the ice-sheet 507 



Oscillations associated with glaciation in other countries 509 



Pleistocene oscillations independent of glaciation 512 



Effects of ice accumulation on the sea-level 515 



Probable relationship of epeirogenic movements throughout the world to glaciation 516 



Epeirogenic movements independent of glaciation often combined with others due to 



the ice weight and to its removal 520 



Uplift of the basin of Lake Agassiz apparently attributable wholly to the departure of the 



ice-sheet 5-1 



Chapter X. — Artesian and common wells of the Ked Eiver Valley 523 



Sources of the artesian waters 5-5 



Fresh water from porous beds of the drift sheet 526 



Saline and alkaline water from the Dakota sandstone 527 



Relationship to the artesian wells of Devils Lake and the James River Valley 528 



Relationship to artesian wells at Tower City and Grafton, N. Dak., Humboldt, 



Minn., and Rosenfeld, Manitoba 535 



Analyses of waters from wells, streams, and lakes in the Red River Valley and the adjoining 



region 536 



Use of artesian water for irrigation 545 



