112 THE GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ. 



northeastwardly from the Coast Ranges about Mount St. Elias, to cross 

 the Yukon and Pelly near the meridian 136° 15', and thence extends 

 neai'ly due north to the Arctic Ocean, close west of the mouth of the 

 Mackenzie. 



The scanty observations which have been gathered in the Arctic 

 Archipelago concerning the transportation of drift from the Archean area 

 of the Northwest Territory northward to Baring Land, from the region of 

 the Coppermine River northward to Prince of Wales Strait, from North 

 Somerset 100 miles or more toward the northwest and northeast, and from 

 south to north in Smith Sound, ^ indicate that the greater part of this 

 archipelago was enveloped by the continental ice-sheet, and that from 

 Baffin Land, North Devon, Ellesmere Land, and Grinnell Land it was 

 continuous eastward to the ice-sheet of Gi'eenland. 



On the Atlantic coast it filled Hudson Strait with an eastward 

 outflow, as determined by Dr. Robert Bell;^ Labrador was wholly ice- 

 covered, excepting- the upper portion of tlie mountain range south of Cape 

 Chidley, which, 70 miles from the cape, attains an elevation of aljout 

 6,000 feet above the sea;^ Newfoundland, enveloped by the farthest east- 

 ward portion of this ice-sheet, was glaciated radially outward into the 

 ocean on the north, east, and south;* and thence southwestward the border 

 of the ice-sheet, passing beyond the shore-lines of Nova Scotia, New 

 Brunswick, and Maine, probably reached, at its time of maximum area, to 

 the irregular submarine ridges and plateaus of the Fishing Banks, which 

 consist of Tertiary strata, more or less oversjiread with morainic and 

 iceberg drift deposits, extending from Newfoundland to Cape Cod and 

 Nantucket. 



Area and thickness. — The part of North America and outlying islands 

 which were covered by the ice-sheet and are now overspread with its drift 

 amount to about 4,000,000 square miles, as shown on PI. XVI. The 



'G. M. Dawson, Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada, Annual Report, Vol. II, for 1886, 

 pp. 56-58 R. 



=Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey iif Canada, Report of Progress, 1882-84, p. 36 DD; .\nnual Report, 

 Vol. IV, for 1888-89, p. Ill E. 



^A. S. Packard, Meraoir.s of the Hoston Society of Natural History. \^ol. I. 1866, pp. 219,220; The 

 Labrador Coast, 1891. 



■• John Milne, Quart. .lour. Geol. Soc, Loudon. Vol. XXX, 1874, pp. 725-728. 



