146 THE GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ. 



iug town-ship 146 and the south part of township 147, range 61, beyond 

 which, northward, this smooth area of lowland, dividing the Waconia and 

 ■ Elysian moraines, narrows into a belt only about a mile wide in the south- 

 east part of township 148, range 61, called Colemans Valley. At the 

 north end of this valley, on the west side of Red Willow Lake, these 

 two moraines meet, and thence pass in a united moraiuic belt west and 

 northwest to the Washington Lakes, the Sheyenne River, and the Indian 

 reservation south of Devils Lake. 



MORAINES CONTEiirORANEOVS WITH LAKE AGASSIZ. 



The seventh or Dovre moraine marks a pause in the glacial recession 

 when the southeast end of the Minnesota ice-lobe rested on Kandiyohi 

 County. At this time Lake Agassiz had begun to exist, the south end of 

 the Red River Valley having been uncovered from the ice. Probably 

 nearly all of the southern half of Minnesota was then divested of its ice 

 mantle, while nearly all of the northern half was still ice-covered, the 

 glacial boundary across the State passing in an approximately east-to-west 

 course. 



' By its next recessions the ice border was withdrawn to the eighth or 



Fergus Falls moraine and the ninth or Leaf Hills moraine. These are 

 partly merged together in the prominent accumulations of the Leaf Hills, 

 which reach in a semicircle from Fergus Falls to the southeast, east, and 

 northeast, a distance of 50 miles, marking the southern limits of this ice- 

 lobe when it terminated half way between the south and north l^orders 

 of Minnesota. During the formation of the tenth or Itasca moraine, and 

 of the eleventh or Mesabi moraine, the ice border crossed the lake region 

 at the head of the Mississippi. Farther north the twelfth or Vermilion 

 moraine, discovered and mapped by the present writer in 1893 during 

 work for the Minnesota Geological Survey, passes by the south side of Ver- 

 milion, Pelican, and Net lakes. Later moraines, formed at times of halt or 

 readvance, iuternipting the recession of the ice-sheet between northern 

 Minnesota and Hudson Bay, have been observed in only a few places; 

 but I believe that they exist and will be continuously mapped when the 

 glacial drift of that wooded and very scantily inhabited region shall be 



