366 THE GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ. 



From section 28, townsliip 3, range 6, the Herman shores of Lake 

 Agassiz coincide with the prominent escarpment of the Pembina Movm- 

 tain through a distance of 29 miles, passing in a nearly straight course 

 north-northwesterly to section 30, township 7, range 8, about 7 miles east- 

 southeast from Treherne. Along this distance the base of the escarpment 

 is 1,100 to 1,125 feet above the sea, and its crest about 1,400 feet. Seen 

 from this elevation, the great plain of the Red River Valley on the east, 

 when overshading clouds give to it in the distance a dark blue or azure 

 color, appears not unlike the vast expanse of the ocean as viewed from an 

 equal height a few miles inland. The highest shore of the glacial lake was 

 about half way up this ascent, and the lower Herman beaches and those of 

 the Norcross stage were between this and the base. 



At the north end of the Pembina Mountain the Herman shores of 

 Lake Agassiz turned from a northward to a westward course, and at the 

 sharpest portion of this bend, in section 3(5, township 7, range 9, the cur- 

 rents along the shore, caused by storms, brought a large amount of gravel 

 and sand from their erosion on each side, and accumulated these deposits 

 in a massive ridge which juts oi;t north-northwesterly a mile or more 

 from the ciu-ving line of the escarpment. This gravel and sand spit sinks 

 from nearly 1,300 feet above the sea at its south end, where it rests on 

 the adjoining highland, to about 1,125 feet, comprising deposits of the 

 successive Herman, Norcross, and Tintah stages of the lake. 



Five to 6 miles farther west the Herman beaches are well exhiljited in 

 the gradual ascent that rises to the Tiger Hills, 1 mile south of Treherne. 

 The highest beach here crosses the middle of the northwest quarter of 

 section 31, township 7, range 9, where it forms a swell of sand and gravel, 

 with pebbles mostly of Cretaceous shale, having its crest 1,272 to 1,273 

 feet above the sea. In some portions this reaches nearly flat an eighth of 

 a mile south to the base of the Tiger Hills, but elsewhere it is divided from 

 them by a depression of 3 to 5 feet. This appears to be the second (h) in 

 the series of Herman beaches, the first of this series (a and aa) not being 

 found here nor farther north. At the time when that uppermost beach of 

 Lake Agassiz was formed this locality and the country northward are 

 believed to have been covered by the ice-sheet, its termination being at the 



