412 THE GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ. 



about a quarter of a mile south from the Red Lake River and the north- 

 west corner of this section, he five dome-shaped artificial mounds, of grad- 

 ually increasing size in their order from south to north. The southernmost 

 is about 30 feet in diameter and 2 feet high; the second measures 50 feet 

 across and is 3 feet high; the third is slightly larger, with a height of 4 

 feet; the fourth is 70 feet in diameter and rises 6 feet above the beach; and 

 the most northern has a diameter of 80 feet and a height of about 8 feet. 

 These mounds, which were undoul)tedly used for burial, overlook a broad 

 prospect, especially toAvard the west, including many miles of the well- 

 wooded river valley. 



The St. Hilaire Branch of the Great Northern Railway crosses the 

 Campbell beach a half mile east of Black River, the crest of its gravel 

 ridge being 1,019 feet above the sea, with a descent of 6 feet toward 

 the east and about 10 feet westward. Within a few miles farther north the 

 line of the survey by Mr. Davis, mentioned on page 400, found the eleva- 

 tion of this beach 1,022 feet, from which its slopes fall 6 or 7 feet on each 

 side. Farther northward its elevation has not been determined, but its 

 position has been accurately mapped. In townships 153, Bray, and 154, 

 range 45, it runs nearly due north as a prominent gravel ridge, passing- 

 close west of the centers of these townships, and lying from 2 miles to 1 

 mile east of the old Pembina trail, which follows the McCauleyville beach. 

 But near the south line of Viking tlie Campbell beach turns slightly, 

 thence bearing north-northwestward, and for a few miles in the central and 

 northwest portions of Viking the trail runs on its top. 



Along the greater part of its explored extent north of the Red Lake 

 River this shore is marked by a single large gravel ridge, 20 to 30 rods 

 wide, 5 feet or more above the adjoining surface of till on the east and 10 

 to 20 feet above its western edge; but in the northwest part of Viking two 

 Campbell beaches, a quarter to a half mile apart, nui from section 17 to 

 section 6, the western being less typically ridged and mostly 10 to 15 feet 

 lower than the eastern. On the top of the western beach, near the middle 

 of the west half of section 6 and a quarter of a mile south of the Snake 

 River, a conspicuous aboriginal mound was noted, having a diameter of 50 

 feet and a height of 6 feet. Onl}- a few feet south from its edge a smaller 



