CAMPBELL BEACHES IN MINNESOTA. 413 



mound, al)Out 15 feet in diameter, rises 1.} feet above the beach. No other 

 earthworks were seen in this vicinity. 



Snake River, where it intersects the Campbell and McCauleyville 

 beaches, has only stagnant pools in hollows of its bed during dry summers, 

 while the Middle and Tamarack rivers, next to the north, seldom or never 

 fail to carry running water, although reduced nearly to the size of brooks. 

 Just after crossing the Snake River the Pembina trail turns westward three- 

 fourths of a mile to the McCauleyville beach, on which it runs nearly all 

 the way for 15 miles northward. The Campljell shore, continuing iu the 

 line of its western beach before described, passes almost due nortli alono- 

 the west side of Marsh Grove Township, and thence runs a little to tlie west 

 of north, bearing a line ridge of gravel and sand, underlain and Ijordered 

 on each side by till. Its distance east from the Pembina trail is between 1 

 and 2 miles, to the Tamarack River. Beyond this stream the trail turns to 

 the northwest, diverging from these beaches, wliich contiinie to the north 

 and north-northwest. 



Through Marshall County the Campbell shore lies nearly on the limits 

 of the chiefly prairie country on the west and of the wooded region on the 

 east. The beaches are mostly grassed, with no bushes or trees, but brush 

 and small poplars occupy much of the adjoining land on the west and 

 between these gravel ridges, and almost the entire area on the east bears 

 a small growth of poplars, where they have not been lately burned. At 

 a distance of 10 to 20 miles eastward a forest of many species begins, 

 comprising the common poplar or aspen, the large-toothed poplar, the 

 balsam poplar, cottonwood, canoe birch, black and bur oaks, white elm, 

 white and black ash, red and sugar maple, basswood, and the white, red, 

 and jack pines. In the swamps, and frequently on higher land, tamarack, 

 black spruce, and balsam fir grow in abundance, often festooned with 

 moss. Crossing Kittson County, the most northwestern in Minnesota, the 

 Tintah shore-lines extend here and there into heavily timbered tracts, 

 while the Campbell and McCauleyville beaches continue approximately 

 along the somewhat definite boundary dividing the woods and the prairie. 



