432 THE GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ. 



half mile west of the Campbell shore, but in the vicinity of the Red Lake 

 River and for 10 miles northward their distance apart is 2 to 3 miles. 



The Duluth and Manitoba Railroad crosses two McCauleyville beach 

 ridges, and runs a considerable distance on the eastern one, between three- 

 fourths of a mile and 2 miles west of the Black River. Their crests are 

 about 1)95 feet and 990 feet above the sea. A quailer to a half of a mile 

 farther north the St. Hilaire Bi-anch of the Great Northern Railway crosses 

 these gravel ridges, Ives station being on the course of the western ridge, 

 into which the railway cuts to the depth of a few feet. The crest of this 

 beach, which was followed by the old Pembina trail, is at 990 feet; and 

 that of the eastern beach, a third of a mile distant, is at 997 feet. Within 

 a mile or two farther north the profile of leveling by Mr. E. C. Davis 



FlQ. 22 Profile across beaches ou the north line of Onstead and Godfrey, Minn., west of Maple Lake. Horizontal 



scale, 2^ miles to an inch. 



(p. 400) shows the McCauleyville beach at 996 feet. In this vicinity and 

 along the next 15 miles northward this beach is a conspicuous gravel 

 and sand ridge, mostly 20 to 30 rods wide, with slopes descending 5 

 feet or more to the east and 10 or 15 feet to the west. Throughout this 

 distance it afforded an excellent roadway for the Pembina trail, on which 

 during many years, until about 1870, long processions of Red River 

 carts, drawn by oxen, traveled from St. Paul and St. Cloud to Fort Garry 

 (now Winnipeg), carrying provisions and supplies for the Hudsons Bay 

 Comj^any, and returned laden with buffalo skins and furs. 



Near the north line of section 20, Numedal, the McCauleyville beach 

 ceases for the next few miles as a distinct ridge, and the Pembina trail 

 thence passes to the Campbell beaches, on which it runs through Viking, 



