WESTERN M'GAULEYVILLE SHORES. 



439 



Between Walhalla and tlu^ international Iwnndary the McCanleyville 

 shore-lines lie on the westerii margin of the tlat expanse that stretches from 

 the Red River to the Pembina Mountain, being a quarter of a mile to 1 

 mile east of the first conspicuous westward ascent, as shown in fig. 28. In 

 section 2, township 163, range 57, about 2 miles south of the boundary, 

 they form a tract of sand and fine gravel, 40 to 50 rods wide, drier than the 

 adjoining surface on the west and east, passing by Elm Point, the eastern 

 limit of the groves, at that place consisting mostly of large white elms, 

 which extend outward from the wooded Pembina escarpment along springy 

 water courses scarcely depressed below the general surface. The elevation 

 of this gravelly tract is 997 to 1,002 feet. It is not a distinct ridge or even 

 swell, and is recognizable chiefly by the contrast of its comparative dryness. 



W. Til/ 



Pembina Mounfain 



Fig. 28.— Section < 



ilern.it.ioual boundary, 3outh ofran^'es G ami '>, Manitoba. Horizontal scale, 2J miles to an inch. 



which has caused it to be selected as the site of fnrmlionses. The adjoin- 

 ing moist and springy land on the east descends 15 or 20 feet in the first 

 third of a mile; but thence the surface sinks very .slowly to the axial lowest 

 part of the lake basin on this latitude, at the Red River, its gradients in 

 this distance being gradually diminished from 15 feet to only 2 or 3 feet 

 per mile. 



WESTERN M CAULEYVILLE SHORES IN MANITOBA. 



(PLATES XXX-XXXm. ) 



In the southwest quarter of section 12, townsliip 1, range 5, the upper 

 McCanleyville shore is indicated by very scanty deposits of fine gravel, 

 1,006 to 1,007 feet above the sea, from which there is a descent of 3 or 4 

 feet in 20 rods east. Through the east half of section 23, the middle of 



