THE EMEKADO BEACHES. 457 



Prairie Center, its elevation is 903 feet, and it continues as a well-defined 

 gravel ridg-e, with crest at 901 to 903 feet, through this township, and at a 

 slightl}'^ greater height, 902 to 906 feet, through the west part of Fertile 

 and the east part of Dundee, crossing the South and Middle branches of 

 Park River. 



In the southern part of Pembina County the Emerado shore curves to 

 a north-northeast course, passing by Crystal to Willow Creek, and thence 

 runs nearly north, crossing the Tongue River about a mile west of Cavaliei". 

 Along a distance of G miles north from Willow Creek a low and broad 

 secondary beach ridge, or more likely in part an offshore sand deposit that 

 was formed a few feet beneath the lake surface, has an elevation of 890 

 to 895 feet, with slopes sinking a few feet below this on each side. The 

 adjoining surface is lacustrine silt, deposited in front of the Pembina 

 delta, and the ridge is fine sand which has been somewhat gullied and 

 hummocked by the wind, but is now all grassed. 



Between the Tongue and Pembina rivers and onward to the inter- 

 national Ijoundary this beach takes a northwestward course. Tm-ning to 

 that direction about 2 miles northwest of Cavalier, it thence runs nearly 

 straight 10 miles to St. Joseph, being through the greater part of the dis- 

 tance a typical beach ridge of sand, with scanty layers of very fine gravel. 

 Its crest is mainly 892 to 898 feet above the sea, having a gradual ascent 

 from south to north ; but as it approaches St. Joseph and the Pembina 

 River its last 2 miles rise to 900 and even 905 feet. The slopes fall com- 

 monly 5 to 10 feet northeastward and 2 to '4 feet southwestward. The 

 depth of the beach deposit is the same as the fall of its eastern slope, with 

 hard and dark stratified clay beneath. In section 2, and again in section 

 13, township 162, range 55, lying 2 to 5 miles southeast of St. Joseph, this 

 beach widens into sandy tracts, each of which has a width of a quarter of 

 a mile or more and is slightly raised, like the typical narrower ridge, above 

 the adjacent surface of clayey lacustrine and alluvial silt. 



About a mile north of the Pembina River the Emerado level of Lake 

 Agassiz formed a low escarpment of erosion, which passes north-northwest- 

 erly b)' the northeast corner of section 17, township 163, range 55. Within 



