464 THE GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ. 



On tlie international boundary and for several miles thence to the 

 north-northwest the Gladstone beach is a prominent ridge, having an 

 ascent of 10 to 15 feet in a distance of 30 to 50 rods west from its base to 

 its crest, which is approximately 860 feet above the sea. The slightly 

 undulating surface of this shore deposit occupies a width of a quarter of 

 a mile or more, and thence westward there is no noteworthy descent, but a 

 nearly level expanse. In many shallow pits dug to obtain sand for masons' 

 use the material ctf tlie beach is shown to be fine sand, unmixed with 

 gravel, excepting that very rarely a pebble is found inclosed in it, the 

 largest being a half to two-thirds of an inch in diameter. This ridge 

 enters Manitoba about Ih miles west of Blumenort, and crosses sections 

 5, 7, and 18, township 1, range 2, to Kronsthal, which is situated upon 

 it. Northward it passes about a mile west of Lowestoft post-office and a 

 mile east of Carman. George Anderson's house is built on its crest in 

 the northeast quarter of section 31, township 6, range 4, 2 miles north- 

 northeast of Carman, at an elevation of 865 feet. It crosses the Canadian 

 Pacific Railway near the Rat Creek bridge, and is well developed along a 

 distance of several miles thence to the northwest, passing tloi-ough the 

 southeast corner of section 12, township 12, range 9, where the elevation 

 of its crest is about 875 feet, with a descent of 4 to 6 feet to the northeast 

 and 1 to 3 feet to the southwest. Thence its course is along the southwest 

 side of the Squirrel Creek marsh and east of the chain of Dead Lakes (a 

 former channel of the White Mud River), which he in sections 17, 18, and 

 19, township 14, range 11. A half mile east of Gladstone tliis shore is 

 marked by a line of erosion in the expanse of lacustrine silt, with slope 

 from 882 to 875 feet in a, short distance, and by a small beach ridge of 

 sand with its crest at 878 feet. Continuing almost due north, this Glad- 

 stone shore-line, occasionally marked by beach gravel and sand, lies a half 

 mile to 1 mile west of the Big Grass Marsh, through townships 15, 16, and 

 17, range 11, the elevation of the marsh being, approximately, 865 feet, 

 and of Lake Agassiz here during this stage about 875 feet above the 

 present sea-level. 



The Gladstone beach is noted by Mr. Tyrrell on Kettle Hill at 920 

 feet. Combined difi"erential uplifting of the land and depression of the 



