GLADSTONE AND BUENSIDE BEACHEIS. 465 



geoid Hurlace of level, both due to removal of the ice-sheet, have amounted 

 to about 45 feet in the distance of 150 miles northward from Gladstone to 

 this localitA". 



THE BURNSIDE BEACH. 



From its crossing of the Red River at Graiid Forks the Ikirnside shore 

 in Minnesota runs northeastward to the southwest corner of Tabor Town- 

 ship, and thence nortliward at a distance of 10 to 13 miles from the river 

 for about 70 miles to the south line of Manitoba. Although its course is 

 known approximately 1)y the Drainage Survey and b'S" nnlway leveling, no 

 portions of it distinctly showing marks of erosion or beach accumulation 

 have been observed in this State excepting close upon the international 

 boundary. There it is found at "the Ridge," about 11 miles east of the 

 Red River and Emerson, which is a low, eroded escarpment extending 

 from south to nortli across tlie boundary. It consists of till with frequent 

 bowlders, nearly all Archean granites, gneiss, and schists. A deposit of 

 beach gravel and sand a few feet deep rests on the liase of this slope, 835 

 to 840 feet above the sea. 



Two miles northward, in the southwest quarter of section 15, town- 

 ship 1, range 4 east, Manitoba, the Burnside beach is a typical gravel and 

 sand ridge 20 to 25 rods wide; its crest is 845 feet above the sea, and the 

 descent from it to the east is about 3 feet and to the west 6 or 7 feet. 

 About a mile farther north, near the southeast comer of section 21, the 

 elevation of this beach ridge is 844 feet, with a descent of 1 or 2 feet on 

 the east and 10 feet within 20 rods on the west. Another mile to the north 

 its elevation is 846 feet, with 2 feet descent east and 6 feet west in 6 rods; 

 next a surface of till, with many bowlders, falls about 5 feet in 40 rods to 

 the west; beyond this a tract of gravel and sand continues with the same 

 slope, falling from 835 to 830 feet, and is succeeded farther west by a 

 slowly descending surface of till. The beach ridge continues with similar 

 features through the east half of section 28, excepting a short distance 

 in the southeast quarter of this section, where it is replaced by a line of 

 erosion in the very rocky till. Through the next 3 miles the uneven con- 

 tour causes the beach ridge to be somewhat iiTCgular in its course and size; 

 but it again attains its typical development in section 'J, township 2, range 

 MON XXV 30 



