THE BUENSIDE BEACH IN MANITOBA. 467 



This western Buruside sliore enters Manitoba near Blumenort, 19 miles 

 west of tlie Red River, but it is not distinctly marked on the international 

 boundary. Passing northward aljout a mile east of Lowestoft and 3 miles 

 east of Carman, it crosses the Carman Branch of the Manitoba and South- 

 western Railway at Maryland, where the elevation of the crest of its beach 

 ridge is 844 feet. About a mile north-northwest of Maryland this lidge 

 has been extensively excavated, its gravel and sand being- used for railway 

 ballast. One and a half miles farther north it crosses the main line of 

 this railway about a mile west of Elm Creek station (the junction of the 

 branch), its crest there being at 845 feet, from which its slopes fall 10 feet 

 in 25 rods east and 7 feet in an equal distance west. 



The Canadian Pacific Railway crosses this shore about halfway be- 

 tween Portage la Prairie and Burnside, and in the next 10 miles of its 

 course, passing northwest nearly thi-ough the center of township 12, range 

 8, it is marked by a large gravel ridge, the crest of which, in the south part 

 of section 11, IJ to 2 miles north of Burnside, has an elevation of 858 to 

 860 feet, with descent from it of G to 10 feet northeastward and half as 

 much to the southwest. This beach is similarly prominent on the Manitoba 

 and Northwestern Railway, by which it is crossed and excavated for ballast 

 halfway between Westbourne and Woodside, its crest there being 860 to 

 862 feet above the sea. Along the next 40 miles the Burnside shore-line is 

 generally marked by a well-developed beach ridge which is traceable on 

 the plats of the Dominion Land Surveys parallel with the west shore of 

 Lake Manitoba and 4 to 5 miles distant from it, passing about halfway 

 between the lak-e and the Big Grass Marsh. It thus lies near the line 

 between ranges 9 and 10 as far north as to the east side of the lake in 

 sections 13 and 24, townshij) 18, range 10, beyond which it runs north- 

 northwest. 



Between the south ends of Lakes Manitoba and Winnipeg the country 

 about Shoal Lake was uncovered by the fall of Lake Agassiz from the 

 Gladstone to the Burnside beach, which latter is crossed by the Wmnipeg 

 and Hudson Bay Railway near the southwest corner of section 36, town- 

 ship 14, range 2, about 3 miles south of Shoal Lake. The crest of the 

 beach is 860 feet above the sea, being 10 feet above Shoal Lake. Here its 



