TUE OSSOWA BEACH. 469 



beach-like ridges were observed, elevated 2 to 4 feet above the intervening 

 hollows and general surface, theh height being between 815 and 820 feet 

 above the sea. They run from southeast to northwest, and their continu- 

 ation north of this ri\'er was noted at the same height 4 to 6 miles north- 

 westward in sections 3b' and 25, Neche, about 2.^ miles east-northeast from 

 Bathgate. Both the ridges and the adjoining- surface are fine silt. 



Ossowa post-office, from which the shore-line takes its name, is situated 

 near the middle of the north half of section 27, township 13, range 4, 

 Manitoba, on a well-defined beach ridge which runs from west-southwest 

 to east-northeast through this township. Its crest varies in elevation from 

 843 to 848 feet, with descent of 3 to 8 feet on its north side and 12 to 15 

 feet on the south. The Canadian Pacific Railway was originally con- 

 structed from Stonewall due west to this beach, which it ciit through in the 

 east edge of section 28. In the railway cut its material is wholly gravel, 

 in part very coarse, containing pebbles and subangular rock fragments up 

 to 4 inches and rarely fi or 8 inches in diameter, of which fully nineteen- 

 twentieths are magnesian limestone. On each side the surface is till, with 

 plentiful bowlders, mostl)' Archean granite and gneiss, but including many 

 of this limestone, which is the underlying rock of the region. In the 

 north part of township 13, range 3, this beach curves to the south, east, 

 and northeast, and thence passes through the southeast part of town- 

 shij) 14, range 3, and the north half of township 14, range 2, gradually 

 approaching and in some places joining the Burnside beach, with which 

 the Ossowa beach is approximately parallel, lying a half mile to 1 or 2 

 miles southeast of it onward to Pleasant Home. 



The only other locality where a beach referable to this stage was 

 observed is on the to}) of Stony Mountain, on which a broad, smoothly 

 rounded ridge of gravel and sand extends nearly a quarter of a mile, and 

 is the site of some of the penitentiary buildings. Its crest is about 835 

 feet above the sea, and the top of the underlying limestone about 825 feet. 



The western Ossowa .shore-line crosses the international boundary 3 

 or 4 miles east of Gretna, and the eastern enters ^linnesota about three- 

 quarters of a mile west of "the Ridge," but they are not there marked by 

 noteworthy beach deposits nor erosion. 



