NOTES OF AKTESIAN AND COMMON WELLS. 567 



CASS COUNTY. 



Kindred. — No artesian wells. The common wells are 10 to 15 feet deep, iji fine 

 loamy silt, obtaining slightly alkaline water from a layer of sand 1 foot thick at the 

 bottom. 



Davenport. — The town well is 70 feet deep, in alluvial and lacustrine beds, and 

 has about 10 feet depth of water. Several other wells in this village are similar; 

 none artesian. 



Leonard. — Wells here, on the Sheyenne delta of Lake Agassiz, obtain a copious 

 supply of excellent water at 18 to 20 feet. The section is all sand, which continues 

 beyond the depth of the well bored or driven 46 feet by the Northern Pacific Elevator 

 Company. 



Warren. — At the buildings of the Leech Bros.' farm, in the southeast quarter of 

 section 17, a boring 47.5 feet deep, finding no artesian water, went through the lacus- 

 trine clay, till, and i)robably a considerable thickness of Cretaceous shale; and its 

 lowest 75 feet were in a fine white sandstone, very hard and compact, doubtless the 

 Dakota sandstone, which here, as occasionally farther north, is so close grained in its 

 upper portion as to be almost imperv^ious to water. 



Dwrhin. — Cargill Bros.' elevator: Artesian well, 100 feet; water chalybeate, at 

 first a copious flow, diminished later by sand tilling the lower part of the pipe. 



Common wells in this village and its vicinity are about 30 feet deep. 



Everest. — At the Cargill Bros.' 'elevator a well 100 feet deep derives water from 

 gravel at the Dottom, rising nearly to the surface. The common wells are 40 to 50 feet 

 deep, with good water from gravel, filling the wells to the depth of 20 to 30 feet. 



Gill. — An artesian well on the farm of J. C. Gill, in the northwest quarter of 

 section 35, is about 200 feet deep, with water rising 15 feet or more above the surface. 



Fargo. — The alluvial and lacustrine beds and the glacial drift are together 220 

 feet thick, being, in descending order, stratified clay, 95 feet; sand and gravel, 10 feet, 

 yielding water which rises nearly to the surface; and till, 115 feet, inclosing occasional 

 layers and veins of waterbearing sand and gravel. Below the drift a lioring went 

 42 feet farther, probably in Cretaceous strata referable to the Fort Benton formation, 

 being soft, dark blue shale, .32 feet; coarse sand rock, 6 feet; and a second shale, 4 

 feet, in which the boring stopped at a total depth of 202 feet. Water rose fi-oin the 

 sand rock to 10 or 12 feet below the surface, apparently a good supply.' 



Pillsbury & Hulbert elevator: Well, 150 feet; water rises to 8 feet below the 

 surface, in so copious supply that it can not be lowered by pumping; it is of excellent 

 quality, softer than the water of the rivf r. 



Most of the water used throughout the city is taken from the river by a system 

 of waterworks. 



' U. S. Geol. Survey of the Territories, 1872, p. 301. 



