NOTES OF ARTESIAN AND COMMON WELLS. 569 



rods distant, 147 feet. Below a small depth of alluvial aud lacustrine clay these go' 

 through till with bowlders. The water, very good for drinking, comes from a bed of 

 gravel and sand o to 7 feet thick, which was passed through to till beneath in one 

 of these wells. 



Berlin. — Two flowing wells in the northeastern part of this township are 87 feet 

 and about 100 feet deep. The common wells are 40 to 00 feet dee]), w ith water rising 

 to 10 or li) feet below the surface. 



Amenia.— The artesian well at the elevator of the Amenia and Sharon Land 

 Company is 279 feet deep ; water rises 5 feet above the surface, not a copious flow. 

 Another boring went to the depth of 400 feet, fluding uo lower artesian water. The 

 section was soil, 2 feet; yellowish gray till, .'50 feet; harder dark bluish till, about 200 

 feet, inclosing occasional water-bearing layers of sand and gravel; and Cretaceous 

 beds below, the last 100 feet or more being very fine-grained white sandstone and 

 nearly white shale, probably the Dakota formation. 



Edward McNeill, a half mile east of Amenia, has an artesian well 215 feet deep, 

 yielding a large supply of water. On Lee E. Clark's farm, some 4 miles distant to 

 the northeast, the copiously flowing water of a well about 275 feet deep rises 30 feet 

 above the surface. All these deep wells at and near Amenia have slightly brackish, 

 hard water. 



William Hinkle Smith, in section 32, has bored 290 feet, obtaining no artesian 

 water. The well most used l)y this large farm is 75 feet deep, with a very abundant 

 supply of good water, which rises to 20 feet below the surface. 



On the farm of Gage & Davis, in the southeast quarter of section 9, a well 155 

 feet deep has water which rises from the bottom to 5 feet below the surface. This 

 water, like that of Mr. Boustead's well, noted on page 553, contains gas which is not 

 visible when the water first flows from the pump, but shows in very minute bubbles, 

 as fine as dust, from one-fourth to three-fourths of a minute later, then disappearing 

 so that the water is left dear. It is called excellent water for drinking and for engine 

 boilers. 



Ripon. — A railway boring to the depth of 280 feet found no artesian water. 

 Common wells mostly are 20 to 40 feet deej), obtaining a copious supply from saud 

 and gravel beds inclosed in the till. 



Gardner. — Minneapolis and Northern Elevator Company: Well, 125 feet; water 

 rises 12 feet above the surface. 



S. C. Dalrymple, section 6: Artesian well about 230 feet deep; strong flow. 

 There are ten or more other flowing wells within a few miles around Gardner, ranging 

 from 96 feet to 250 feet in depth. Their water is slightly brackish. 



Grandin. — The village of Grandin has four artesian wells within an extreme 

 distance of 50 rods from east to west and half as much from S(mth to north, as fol- 

 lows: William Black, 105 feet deep, with water at first rising 12 feet, now 8 feet; the 



