74 “TERRA NOVA” EXPEDITION. 
their feet and heads well forward, finishing up in a “ hollow back” position as they 
come to a standstill. 
All their feeding is done beneath the surface. At Cape Adare the tall ice-foot, 
projecting sheer from the water, afforded good opportunities for observing them at 
this occupation, and in the clear water beneath they could be seen flashing hither 
and thither in quest of Luphausia. Every now and then a milky cloud is seen to issue 
from the mouth of one of them, and to float away down the tide, and this is made 
by their vomiting the whole meal into the water as they swim, so that they may 
have the pleasure of catching another one. After vomiting they never pause in their 
career for an instant, going straight on with the hunt as if nothing had happened. 
Once as we were watching some Adeélies at play in a narrow “lead” im the sea-ice, 
one of them suddenly leapt from the water and landed on the ice, holding in its 
beak a large pebble which it dropped on the snow, diving back into the water 
immediately. 
The depth of the sea here was ten fathoms, the lead was a quarter of a mile 
from the shore; but it is difficult to believe that a bird could dive to such a depth! 
There were, however, no pebbles to be seen in the sea-ice here, which had been 
formed in situ. 
In the art of diving the Adélies are very perfect. Some of the crags along the 
ice-foot rose to a height of some fifteen to twenty feet above the water (Pl. XVI). 
They did not commonly dive from such a height as this, and though very often they 
hesitated on the brink, generally descended to some lower part before entering the 
water. Twelve feet, however, was no uncommon height for them. In some places 
the water shoaled up to the edge, and they were to be seen diving (Pl. XII) from a 
height of six feet into a foot or so of water, in which case they generally fell fairly flat. 
When diving into deeper water their positions were often very graceful and 
perfect. 
5.—ENEMIES OF THE ADELIE PENGUIN. 
Evidence goes to show that in the water the Adélie has only one enemy, the 
Sea-leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx), and that out of the water the adult has absolutely 
no deadly foe, except when man and his dogs are about. 
It has been suggested that the Killer-whale (Orcinus orca) preys upon them, 
but this has been a doubtful point, and the following incident distinctly points the 
other way. One day as I watched a large number of Adeélies at play in a wide open 
water-lead some half mile from the shore, a large Killer appeared suddenly from 
beneath the ice on one side of the lead, and coming up to breathe brought the upper 
half of his head and body above the surface as he crossed the open space, finally 
disappearing beneath the ice on the farther side. In spite of the swirl and commotion 
that he made, and of the fact that the water around him was crowded with penguins, 
