aes 
ADELIE PENGUIN—LEVICK. 81 
the direction of another small band, and then stopped. In the flash of a moment the 
entire band from which he came exec vuted the movement “left turn,” this bringing 
them all into a position facing him. So well ordered was the movement that we could 
scarcely believe our eyes. Then from the small band our single bird had approached, 
another single bird ran out, upon which his own party did exac tly as the first had done, 
so that the two stood facing one another, some fifteen yards apart. Then n spontaneously 
the two bands marched straight towards one another, and joined to form one body. 
After this, we saw the same procedure being enacted in many other places, the 
penguins coming down from the rookery and forming small bands which massed 
together. Then the augmented body would join another augmented body, forming 
a still larger one, which then joined another, and so on, until a great mass of 
birds stood together in rows, all facing in one direction like a reciment of soldiers. 
One of these masses stood not far from us, a compact rectangular mass. 
They stood thus for many minutes, quite motionless and silent, when suddenly, as 
before, a single bird darted out from among the crowd and ran a few yards toward the 
open water, when, as if it had received a word of command, every bird faced left. 
Then the whole regiment marched for the water, keeping its formation almost 
unchanged, till it arrived at the edge of the ice, where it halted, and subsequently 
entered the water in batches. 
This procedure continued for many hours, the penguins that day observing this 
extraordinary behaviour, the most astonishing part of which lay in the accuracy of 
their drill-like movements, so that we might have been watching a lot of soldiers 
executing movements on a field day. Probably the sudden motions of these bodies of 
birds was brought about by a sound uttered by the single bird which acted as leader, 
though we did not hear this. 
The actual reason for their departure from their usual customs is beyond my 
knowledge. There was nothing to be seen to account for it, but the penguins evidently 
obeyed some instinct which affected them all on this and two subsequent occasions 
when the same thing took place. The only suggestion I have to offer is that at some 
remote period the Adélies used to mass together in great numbers as the time for their 
- migration approached, and that this phenomenon was some sort of reversion to bygone 
habits; but against this theory is the fact that the scenes were enacted long before any 
thought of leaving the rookery could have possessed them. 
Having now given an account of the habits of Adélie Penguins during their 
breeding season, when they are found at their rookeries, there remains the question of 
their habitat during the winter; when they leave the Antarctic shores for the Pack. 
Unfortunately, only a rough idea can be formed on this subject, as so few data are 
to hand, and the movements of the pack ice itself are so little known. For the 
following information concerning the limits of this mass on and about the meridian of 
Cape Adare (170° 10’ E.), Iam indebted to Commander Harry L. L. Pennell, R.N., 
who commanded the “ Terra Nova” from 1910 to 1913, and probably that part of the 
