94 “TERRA NOVA” EXPEDITION. 
They were quite unable to swim. Whale-lice should be of value in helpimg to 
determine the specific identity of their hosts. It was of interest to find that the New 
Zealand Humpbacks were infested with a Northern form of Paracyamus. 
SCARS. 
Wounds, in all stages of healing, occurred irregularly over the surface of the 
skin, though they were perhaps more often found at the sides of the animal and on 
the head. The fresh scars were like little pits, usually about three inches long, two 
inches broad, and 13 inches deep. They presented the appearance of having been 
cut out with a sharp instrument, and the piece of skin and blubber entirely removed. 
D 
Fig. 4. 
A—Dapple-markings on skin of New Zealand Humpback whale. 
B— Marks on skin due to wounds: a, open scar ; b, scar partially healed; c, scar 
completely healed. 
C—Barnacle-scar. 
D—Section of blubber to show: a, open wound caused by rock ; b, barnacle-sear. 
The cut ends of the fibres and blood-vessels, which penetrated the dermis or blubber, 
could be seen on the walls of the cavity. 
The open sores were frequently infested with Paracyamus boopis. The healed 
sears had a characteristic oblong shape (text-fig. 4, B, c). When such scars occurred 
on pigmented areas of the skin they were usually lighter in colour than the surrounding 
epidermis. They could not, however, be mistaken for the white dapple-markings 
referred to above, since they had a very characteristic rayed appearance. These 
wounds were, almost certainly, made by the whale coming in contact with sharp 
ledges of rock while swimming near the coast. Off the coast of New Zealand on 
several occasions | have seen these shore-loving whales swim through narrow channels 
between isolated rocks, and play in their vicinity. It would be very difticult for the 
