1920] Swarth: Revision of Avian Genus Passerella 89 



grays J (2) in relative lengths of wing and tail; and (3) in varying 

 development of the bill. Character of markings is practically the 

 same in all the subspecies, viz., wings and tail reddish, upper parts of 

 head and body nearly or quite uniform in color, and lower parts with 

 sharply outlined spots and streaks upon a whitish ground. There is 

 one inconspicuous marking that is common to all forms of the species, 

 a small, whitish spot on each side of the forehead, immediately above 

 the lores, constituting a feature that is present in about equal degree 

 in all the subspecies, widely diversified as they may otherwise be in 

 color. The two wing bars, formed by the lighter colored tips of the 

 reddish greater and lesser coverts, most conspicuous in Passerella 

 iliaca iliaca, appear sporadically, sometimes as a mere trace, in all 

 the other races, more particularly in the juvenal plumage. 



In following the course of variation in Passerella, the several 

 subspecies may first be separated into three main divisions to be 

 termed, respectively, the Iliaca group, the Unalaschcensis group, and 

 the Schistacea group. These groups, their component subspecies, 

 and their outstanding characteristics, may be indicated as follows : 



Group 1. Iliaca 



Subspecies 



1. iliaca 2. altivagans 



Coloration: Bright reddish and clear gray. 



Proportions: Tail shorter than Aving; bill of medium size. 



Group 2. Unalaschcensis 

 Subspecies 



1. unalaschcensis ' 4. annectens 



2. insularis 5. townsendi 



3. sinuosa 6. fuliginosa 



Coloration : Eeds predominating, becoming darker from north to 

 south; grays at a minimum. 



Proportions: Tail shorter than wing. Bill of medium size, dimin- 

 ishing from north to south. 



Greatest variation in color; proportions relatively uniform. 



Group 3. Schistacea 



Subspecies 



1. schistacea 5. canescens 



2. fulva 6. monoensis 



3. megarhynclius 7. mariposae 



4. trevicauda 8. stephensi 



Coloration: Grays predominating, increasingly so toward the 



south; reds at a minimum. 

 Proportions: Tail rarely equal to, usually longer than, wing. Bill 



extremely variable, increasing in size westward and southward. 

 Greatest variation in proportions ; color relatively uniform. 



