ZOOLOGICAL 
with rapid disintegration all signs of the swarm 
—except the damaged stems—disappear to 
human eyes. 
The student of these strange creatures real- 
izes, however, that a few weeks later, other 
legions will appear. They are too minute to 
attract attention and emerge from the imbedded 
eggs, thence through the orifice drilled by a 
deceased parent to assure their safety. Without 
hesitation they launch their frail bodies into 
space and after their aerial journey begin their 
tunnelling which is to last for seventeen years 
of time. 
In a former paragraph the writer referred to 
the visitation described as Brood X._ Strangely 
enough the government officials of the Bureau 
of Entomology at Washington, have charted 
seventeen distinct broods of the seventeen-year 
cicada. Brood XI is due to occur next year in 
Connecticut and Rhode Island. Practically 
every year sees the emergence of one of these 
broods in some part of the United States. Brood 
X is the most extensive of them all, but in 1923 
a great swarm will appear to represent Brood 
XIV. This will extend southward and west- 
ward from New England and has been noted 
in history from our early colonial days. 
LEBANON CEDARS VANISH 
Sacrep Trees Atmosr Extincr 
HE cedars of Lebanon have almost disap- 
peared from their native mountains of 
Palestine, and yet one hears no great pro- 
test. Trees 2,000 years old, that passed through 
their infancy a hundred years before the Chris- 
tian era, were cut to supply fuel for military 
locomotives during the war. 
The wholesale destruction of wonderful works 
of art during the war brought forth groans that 
were heard around the world, but the wood- 
chopper, without a murmur being heard outside, 
has destroyed this living thing that for centuries 
has been used as a symbol of physical strength 
by nations forgotten except in the pages of 
history. 
These beautiful giants thrived best in their 
native home in the mountains of Lebanon in 
Palestine, just south of Beirut. Their wood is 
so durable that Pliny, the Roman historian, said 
it was everlasting. The Arabs regarded the 
trees as endowed with the principle of continual 
existence, and when the great age of some in- 
dividual specimens is considered they had very 
good reason for holding this belief. 
SOCIETY BULLETIN 2: 
Timbers unearthed by excavators in the ruins 
of the ancient Assyrian cities were found to be 
practically unchanged after passing through 
2,000 years of vicissitudes. 
The cedar forests, which were historic when 
the armies of Sennacherib laid them waste in 
608 B. C. as recorded in the Bible and men- 
tioned in the Psalms of David, have now been 
ravaged by the Turks to feed their locomotives 
that drew trains between the military station 
at Beirut and the ancient capital at Damascus. 
The conquerors of the Turks continued the 
practice. 
The cedars of Lebanon have the reputation 
of being particularly fragrant, and in ancient 
times the oil of this tree was thought to have 
curative properties and as such was applied to 
the body of those suffering from leprosy. The 
Romans used the oil for the preservation of their 
manuscripts. 
The great size of individual trees produced 
a profound impression upon the beholder. The 
trunk often attained a girth of forty-two feet, 
and a height of ninety feet was common. With 
this is to be considered the fact that the spread 
of the tree’s branches exceeded its height; an 
unusual feature in an evergreen tree.—Argo- 
naut; San Francisco. 
Witp Anrmats Cuittep.—Warren, Pa., Feb. 
11.—Deep snow throughout this entire section 
is driving the deer from the forests to seek food 
and shelter with domestic cattle in adjoining 
farms. One herd of thirteen has been seen a 
number of times in the vicinity of Kane. 
Foxes and other wild animals close to civil- 
ization have taken to the mines for shelter.— 
Sun; New York. 
Birp Lovers InpigNanrv.—Bird lovers of 
Riverton, N. J., are criticising the proposed 
campaign of the federal and state boards of 
agriculture for the use of poison 
sprays on hundreds of miles of highway foliage 
in the fight 1inst the Japanese beetle next 
spring. Representatives of Audubon societies, 
it is said, have been asked to look into the pro- 
gramme by farmers who believe the poisons will 
kill insectivorous birds that are of more value 
in combatting the beetle pest than are the direct 
poisons.—Evening Sun; New York. + 
extensive 
Grand Chenier Bird Refuge cost the Rocke- 
feller Foundation $7,872 for taxes and expenses 
in 1918.—Sun; New York. 
