ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN 61 
LIONHEAD GOLDFISH 
Photograph by Dr. E. Bade. 
same temperature as that from which they are 
removed. White enamel pans for hatching are 
favorites with breeders, who find it easier to 
watch and care for the young in receptacles of 
this order. The hardiest specimens emerge from 
the egg tail first, and the fry at birth are about 
three-sixteenths of an inch in length. 
Tue Fry 
Like most fishes hatched from eggs, gold- 
fishes are provided at birth with a yolk sac that 
nourishes the young fish until the sae is ab- 
sorbed, which occurs in about three days. When 
no longer encumbered with the bag of food, the 
young fishes, which haye until now been lying 
quietly near the surtace, or clinging to the 
plants or glass, begin to swim about and are 
ready for such nourishment as they can find in 
the water. They look and act not unlike mos- 
quito, larvae. 
Snails can now be safely introduced to clarify 
the water, but sharp watch must be kept for 
enemies in the form of aquatic insects, worms, 
etc. 
Sorting is necessary, since the eggs, being of 
different ages, hatch at different times. When 
two weeks old the larger ones commence to 
eat the smaller and they must therefore be 
sorted according to size. The transfer from 
one receptacle to another can be best effected 
with a small cup or dipper, or a large spoon. 
Embryo goldfishes are very delicate little 
creatures, cannot endure much water pressure, 
and live close to the surface for some time. 
They thrive best in shallow water, not over a 
foot deep. Drops of water falling on them will 
destroy them, and care must be taken to pro- 
tect them from rain in out-door pools. 
Like all very young animals, they must be 
fed often—six or eight times a day at first—and 
the question of proper foods is naturally an 
important one. Indeed, it is believed that the 
food determines the shape of the body, de- 
velopment of the fins, and colors of the fish. 
In a live on free- 
swimming microscopic organisms—plant bodies, 
protozoans, the young of small crustaceans, 
rotifers and other invisible worms, and the like. 
Green and pink-colored waters that we some- 
times see in ponds and lakes are so full of these 
organisms as to be colored by them. Hundreds 
of thousands of protozoans and motile micros- 
copic plants pulsate in every drop of water 
taken from the green areas, while in pink 
waters minute crustaceans known as “water 
fleas” are often crowded so thickly as to form 
an almost jelly-like mass. By green water, we 
do not mean green scum. 
state of nature they 
Those who have access to ponds provide food 
for their very young fishes by pouring occa- 
sional portions of green water into the tanks. 
Fishes a little older thrive on the inhabitants 
of the pink water. When breeders talk of 
“infusoria” they refer to certain common 
species of protozoans; and “daphnia’” (often 
mispronounced “daphnee”) are common water 
fleas, usually found with two other kinds— 
eyelops and cypris. Daphnia are the largest 
of the three, and are characteristically shaped 
like an ellipse with one side flattened, the 
flattened section being the back of the animal. 
It is possible to provide food for baby gold- 
fishes without visiting ponds. Preparations are 
on the market which produce infusoria when 
placed in water, or one can breed his own in- 
fusoria by making infusions of various  sub- 
stances. It is well to use separate Jars for the 
cultivation of live food, taking portions from 
them for the young fishes as needed. Directions 
are given a few pages farther on, for breeding 
infusoria. 
SCALELESS VEIL-TAIL TELESCOPE GOLDFISH 
Photograph by Dr. E. Bade, 
