BIRDS OF MINNESOTA. 67 
green, which shades into purplish on the upper and under 
surfaces of the head; a broad patch on each side of the head 
from the posterior border of the eye, meeting its fellow on the 
nape, the lower neck all around, under parts generally, wing 
coverts (except the lesser) and most of the secondaries, and 
scapulars, white, the latter narrowly edged externally with 
black; rest of upper parts, except as described, black, passing 
gradually, on the upper tail coverts into pale gray; axillars, 
and under wing coverts, sooty brown, more or less tipped with 
white; iris hazel. 
Length, 15; wing, 6.65; tarsus, 1.25; commissure, 1.45. 
Habitat, North America. 
CLANGULA HYEMALIS (L.).  (154.) 
OLD-SQUAW. 
In local popular parlance this species is variously called by 
the following names: Old-wife, Old-squaw, Old South-southerly, 
Long-Tailed Duck. I heard of this Duck through the leading 
sportsmen for several years before I saw it, after which it 
soon became familiar tome. But it remains here for a short 
time only in either migration, arriving amongst the earliest 
migrating species, and disappearing entirely in a very few 
days. In fall they reach the State only a short time before 
the whole sub family moves southward. 
They usually remain very distinct, in flocks of from a dozen 
to fifty and sixty. Their movements are so characteristic 
on the wing, that having observed them attentively once, they 
need never be mistaken for any other species afterward. 
They are only a little better for the table than a narrow- 
billed Fish Duck. 
From the local observations of casual observers I should be 
led to suppose that this species might remain in Kandiyohi and 
Big Stone counties considerably longer in both migrations than 
I should be able to vouch for from authentic sources beyond 
my personal notice. 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
Bill, black, orange-yellow towards the tip; head, neck, and 
breast, very dark blackish-brown; head above, back, rump 
and middle tail feathers, black; whole side of head from the 
bill to behind the eyes and sides of the body, pale bluish-gray; 
portion of cheek patch immediately around and behind the eye, 
with a longitudinal streak each side of the occiput, under parts 
generally, and the more external feathers, white; feathers on 
the forepart of the back, and scapulars, broadly edged with 
