BIRDS OF MINNESOTA. 245 
the ends of the quills; the greater coverts and quills edged 
with white, most so on the tertials; the lesser coverts edged 
with paler; upper tail coverts and upper surface of the tail 
glossy black, the latter very dark brown beneath; all the 
feathers tipped and the exterior margined externally with 
white, forming a conspicuous terminable band about twenty- 
five hundredths of an inch broad. 
Length. 8.50; wing, 4.65; tail, 3.70; tarsus, 0.75. 
Habitat, eastern North America from the British provinces 
south to Central and South America; rare west of the Rocky 
mountains. 
MYIARCHUS CRINITUS (L.). (452). 
CRESTED FLYCATCHER. 
The Great Crested Flycatcher is a regular summer resident, 
arriving about the 10th of May. Although less abundant than 
the Kingbird it is very widely distributed where there is tim- 
ber. I hear of their presence in nearly every section of the 
timbered regions which I have not been able to personally 
visit, and I have visited none where I could spend a day or 
two that I did not find him, and always under much the same 
circumstances. 
The perching places, which have uniformly been in the near 
proximity to the nest, have been along the borders of rather 
tall timber adjoining a clearing more or less removed from 
thoroughfares and in the vicinity of lakes or streams. 
The nests are almost uniformly in a hollow trunk or limb of 
a tall tree, about sixty feet from the ground. For some reason 
they seem to prefer the elm, but occasionally another species 
is selected. During the period of incubation, indeed I may say 
during the remainder of their local history, their habits have 
little to make them differ from the Kingbird. Their food is 
essentially the same and they retire in small parties about the 
first to the tenth of September. They show the same charac- 
teristic fighting qualities of the smaller cousin, but they do 
not seem to work quite as hard to get a set-to as he does. 
Mr. Lewis found them as far north as Red lake and Mr. 
Washburn secured specimens at Thief river near Otter Tail 
lake. But they are perhaps a little more fully represented in 
the timbered sections bordering the streams and lakes of the 
southern counties of the State. 
