BIRDS OF MINNESOTA 399 
structure, placed on the ground, composed of various soft, 
fibrous materials and fine grasses, mostly circularly arranged, 
lined with fine rootlets.” 
SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 
Wing but little longer than the tail, reaching but little be- 
yond its base. Head and neck and all around, with throat and 
forepart of breast ash-gray, paler beneath; feathers of chin, 
throat, and forebreast in reality black but with narrow ashy 
margins, more or less concealing the black except on the 
breast. Lores, and region round the eye, dusky, without any 
trace of a pale ring; upper parts and sides of the body clear 
olive-green; under parts bright-yellow; tail feathers uniform 
olive; first primary, with the outer half of the outer web, 
nearly white. 
Length, 5.50; wing, 2.45; tail, 2.25. 
Habitat, eastern North America to the Plains. 
GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS (L.). (681.) 
MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT. 
It took a long time to learn all the ‘‘ins and outs” of this 
little warbler. If there are any remaining unlearned, they 
must be hard to find out indeed, for there does not seem to be 
many places circumstantially adapted to the habits of the 
species not already occupied bya pair of representatives in 
their season. 
“It reaches the vicinity of Minneapolis about the 27th of 
April, and is reported from nearly every part of the State by 
the 5th of May. The nests are built and occupied by about 
the last days of that month. They are constructed of leaves 
mixed with grasses, and lined with finer grass and hairs. They 
are placed on the ground close to a bush and are quite bulky. 
They often have their entrance provided for in one side, after 
the manner of the Golden-crowned Thrush. They rear two 
broods, and are gone by the 20th of September usually. Its 
song is quite strikingly rendered into words by Rev. J. H. 
Langille in the formula, weech-a-tee, weech-a-tee, weech-a-tee, 
weech-a-tee, in distinct, whistling notes, never to be confounded 
with those of any other songster. It is delivered rather delib- 
erately, with the accent strongly on the first syllable. Under 
some circumstancess, the note is abbreviated by one syllable, 
leaving it weech-ee, weech-ee, weech-ee, weech-ee, with only a faint 
touch upon the last, when it somewhat resembles the song of 
another warbler. When they first arrive they must be sought 
