16 



University of California Publications in Zoology [ VoL - 12 



Measurements in millimeters. 

 Minimum, maximum, and 

 average of ten adult males. 



Wing, 390-455 (419); tail, 101-140 

 (122.1); culmen, 34-45 (39.4); tarsus, 

 68-86 (77); middle toe and claw, 

 67-85 (73.5). 



Branta canadensis minima 

 Size small. 



Tarsus much longer than middle toe and claw. 

 Color of under surface variable; pale gray to dark brown. 

 Pattern of head and neck markings extremely variable; black dividing 

 line on white throat may or may not be present; white collar at base 

 of neck may or may not be present. Every possible combination of 

 the above patterns and colors. 

 Number of rectrices 14 to 18 (usually 16). 



Measurements in millimeters. Wing, 337-421 (3S5.3); tail, 94-128 

 Minimum, maximum, and (111.7 ); culmen, 26-36 (30.8) ; tarsus, 

 average of ten adult males. 61-81 (72.9); middle toe and claw, 

 55-76 (64.60). 



A_A 



A A A 



A_ A_ A_ A_ 



_A_ A A A A A A A ■ 



A^A AAAA A A * " " " " 



_ A _*_A_A_A_A^A^A_\ L • • • • i iii — 



_ a _ a _ j *_±_ a _± a _ a _ % a A • • • • i i i JL JL " .5 



_ A.A.AA.AA. A *a*aTa • •••••• ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 



A A A A A A A J *j*j %••••••••• ■■■■■■ ■■ ■■ 



Branta c hutchinsi 



Fig. D. — Length of culmen of B. c. canadensis, B. c. hutchinsi, and B. c. minima. 

 Each symbol represents a specimen. Numerals at left of diagram indicate 

 number of specimens; numerals at the bottom, length of culmen in millimeters. 



82 83 84 8$ 86 87 88 69 90 91 91 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 



A Brania c. minima • Branta c. hutchinsi ■ Branta c. canadensis 



Fig. E . — Ratio per cent of middle-toe-and-claw to tarsus in B. c. canadensis, 

 B. r. hutchinsi, and B. c. minima. Numerals at left of diagram indicate number 

 of specimens; numerals at the bottom, ratio. 



