1916] Kellogg: Mammals and Birds of Northern California 349 



almost at the top I heard a chipmunk. We collected a number of 

 botanical specimens, mostly species of the Canadian and Hudsonian 

 zones. 



We spent August 12 at Toad Lake, Siskiyou County, which is 

 across the divide, south, from Bear Creek. In making the ascent to 

 the divide we passed through a forest of young silver pine, and 

 on the summit saw a much-branched white-bark pine. The lake 

 is circular, several acres in extent, and has an underground outlel 

 which is the source of one of the western branches of the Sacramento 

 River. On the eastern side is a tundra-like marsh with tamrac pines 

 growing along the edge. Other trees around the lake are silver pine, 

 red and white fir, Jeffrey pine, and hemlock. The south wall of the 

 basin has no timber and is very rocky. 



Castle Lake. — On August 17 we left Bear Creek and, after 

 crossing the divide at its head, followed the North Fork of the 

 Sacramento in to Sisson. John Baker left us here, and the next day 

 we secured a wagon and went to Castle Lake, a favorite summer 

 camping place for the people of Sisson. This lake lies at an. alti- 

 tude of 5434 feet, about twelve miles southwest of Sisson. There 

 are a few trees left in their natural state around the lake and for 

 a mile or so down the canon from it, but over all the rest of the 

 country between it and Sisson the timber either has been cut or is 

 in process of being cut, and I believe this in part accounts for the 

 strange mixture of life-zones that we found there. The eastern 

 slope of the lake is sparsely wooded with white fir, and tamrac, 

 yellow and silver pine, trees belonging to the Canadian zone, while 

 the western side is a brushy hill covered with chaparral of plum, 

 currant, eeanothus, manzanita, and spiraea. The south side is a 

 wall of granite and broken rock slides, precipitous and forbidding. 

 It was on these rock slides that we caught a bushy-tailed wood rat, 

 and a dark bit of fir woods produced a flying squirrel. Golden- 

 mantled ground squirrels lived on the dry side-hill, and the com- 

 mon ground squirrel of the lowlands (Citdlus douglasii) was taken 

 where the creek leaves the lake. Two unusual forms also taken here 

 were Evotomys and the least weasel. 



Considered from the zonal point of view, this seemed about the 

 strangest association of mammals that one could encounter. It is 

 probable that in altitude and original state the locality belonged 

 to the Canadian zone. The cutting of the timber raised the tem- 

 perature and lessened the fall of rain and snow so that animals 



