88 AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 



not consider the plant of the V. hlanda group. Moreover, though 

 we at first suspected it to be an albino form of some other blue 

 plant, this idea had to be discarded. The other characters of 

 flower and vegetation disproved this completely. Albino forms 

 of Viola peramoena were found growing not very far away along 

 the same pond, but even at that early stage showed no resemblance 

 whatever in floral structure. Their subsequent development in 

 our garden emphasized this difference even more in the vegetation 

 summer phases. Other real albinos and intermediate paler forms 

 found by me in woods near the Four Mile Bridge along the St. 

 Joseph River, north of South Bend, also exhibited in summer phases 

 pubescent large leaved plants not at all like V. candidula. As 

 far as I have been able to determine the plant is always white 

 flowered. A clump turned over in the meadow by the plowman 

 showed a tendency in the flower to become faintly purplish (not 

 blue or violet) on the vack of the petals, whereas even then, the 

 inside of the corollas were white. The descriptions were made 

 from live plants in their native habit. The drawings of petaliferous 

 stages were made from such a plant a few days after being taken 

 from the field. The study of apetalous stages and flowers was 

 made from the same plants grown both in garden, and a potted 

 plant in moister situation. The results in each case were the same 

 though in the latter case fewer apetalous flowers produced seed 

 and more petaliferous ones, and vice versa in the former instances. 

 The plant in its native habitat seems to produce its apetalous 

 summer flowers above ground: whereas in drier situations these 

 are subterranean only, comming above ground after the ovules 

 begin to develop. I may select as a type of this new plant No. 

 mil of my herbarium collected at Benton Harbor, May 1913,' 

 from which the drawings of the accompanying plate were made 

 before pressing. I have not as yet found the plant elsewhere. 



There seem to be two widely different opinions as to the devel- 

 opment of the so called " cleistogamous" or apetalous summer 

 flowers of certain groups of caulescent and acaulescent violets. 

 This phenomenon occurs also in the Antoinarias apparently, in 

 Polygala polygama and a considerable number of other plants. 

 Having studied the matter only in the aformentioned new violet, 

 as also in Viola rostrata and a midland member of the Viola 

 pedatijida group from Southern Illinois, grown in my violet garden, 



