STUDIES IN VIOLA 211 



Oionychion pedatum var. ampliatum (Greene). 



Viola ampliata Greene. Leaflets Bot. Obs. Grit. I, p. 3, (1903). 



The habit of these plants and their petaliferous flowers as 

 well as lack of cleistogamous flowers, and peculiar structure and 

 shape of stigma and style, even the cormlike erect rhizome which 

 never branches, together with the other characters mentioned 

 mark these plants as very distinctly different from any of the other 

 violets. The habit of these plants could perhaps be more con- 

 sidered as that of a perennial stemless pansy, than a violet proper. 

 The absence of cleistogamous flowers emphasizes this so much that 

 the earlier botanists before Linnaeus referred the plant called 

 Viola pedata Linn., to Viola tricolor, or a stemless pansy, calling it 

 ''Viola tricolor, caule nudo foliis tenuius dissectis'"*^ or "Viola 

 virginiana, foliis midtifidis caulicvdc aphyllo.''^ 



The name Oionychion comes from the Greek words oudvog, 

 bird, ovv^, ovv'^og, claw, lov, violet. 



VIOLA (Vergil, Pliny) Linn. Sp. PI. p. 933, (1753)- 



Subgenus Kuion. 



VioivA ODORATA (Tragus) Linn., Sp. PI. p. 934, (1753). 



Viola purpurea Pliny, Hist. Nat. XXL: 6, also Ruellius, 

 Nat. Stirp. 633, 49, (1543), etc., etc. 



Viola martia Gall. ex. Ruellio 1. c. 



Viola nigra Vergil 4: 120; also Brunfels, Herb. Viv. 

 Ic. p. 137, (1530). 



Viola officinarum Ruppius. 



We have not been able to secure good cleistogamous flowers 

 of this plant for study. 

 Subgenus HespErion 



Viola fimbriatula J. E. Smith in Rees' Cyclop. Vol. 37, 

 No. 16, (1817). 



\'iola ovata Nutt. Gen. Vol .L: 148, (1818). 



Viola sagittata var. ovata T.and G. Fl.N. A. Vol.1, p 133, (1838.) 



The auricles of the sepals of the apetalous flowers are as 

 long almost as in V. cucidlata. Specimens from Mineral Springs 

 (Porter Co.), Ind., were examined. Flowers sometimes especially 

 late in season have a small spatulate whitish or bluish keel petal 

 and one or two small abortive lateral petals. Stamens two. Once 



4 Banist, J., in Ray. J. Hist. PL II. p. 1928, (1688). 



5 Plukenett, L., Aim. p. 388, t, 114. f. 7, (1696). 



