212 AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 



only was one found that had a third subabortive stamen with 

 only one anther that appeared fertile. This anther being the 

 only one found of many examined, it was thought to be a case of 

 teratology. 



Viola cucullata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 p. 228, (1789). 



Though the cleistogamous flowers very often .have one to 

 three petals, never have more than two fertile stamens been 

 found. The keel petal is spatulate bluish, la,rger than in the two 

 preceeding, the lateral always linear though often expanded 

 slightly at the colored tip. The cleistogamous flowers have long 

 auricles and not infrequently a stiped aborted ovary is found 

 within the mature fertile one arising from the middle of the 

 torus. 



Viola variabilis Greene. 



Cleistogamous flowers on prostrate branches purplish, auricles 

 very short, fruit ovoid or obovoid, stamens two. 



The earliest leaves are reniform crenate and vary to such as 

 our palmately dissected into linear branching lobes. Stamens 

 often with four anthers seldom three, one of which may be 

 aborted. 



Viola palmata Linn. Sp. PI. p. 933, (1753). 



Specimens from woods S. E. of Notre Dame were examined. 

 It grows with W variabilis Greene and V. popidifolia Greene. 



The summer flowers always have but two stamens. In shape 

 these resemble those of the cleistogamous flowers of the preceding. 



Viola populifolia Greene. Pitt. Vol. III. p. 337, (1896- 

 1898). 



Cleistogamous flowers were collected and examined from 

 St. Mary's ravine, Notre Dame, Ind. and vStudebaker's woods. 

 South Bend. Examinations in the field were made in the afore- 

 said places. The plant is very common and produces prostrate 

 cleistogamous flowers sometimes subterranean or at least under 

 leaves and decaying vegetative matter. All the flowers were 

 found to have invariably two fertile stamens. 



Viola papilionacea. Pursh. PI. Am. vSept, Vol. I. 173, (1814). 



Plants growing on the edge of the water line of an "Qx-bow- 

 loop" of the vSt. Joseph" River near St. Mary's academy were 

 examined. The plants at high water mark are not infrequently 



