STUDIES IN VIOLA 213 



submerged early in spring and accordingly bloom later, while 

 the flowers are paler often lilac or lavender colored. The stamens 

 of the cleistogamous flowers are two always. Other flowers from 

 plants near Terre Coupee showed similar characters. 



Viola cuspiDATA Greene, I.e. Vol. III., Pitt. p. 3 14, (1896-1898). 



Cleistogamous flowers have never been found to have more 

 than two stamens. Rather common plant in the woods of our 

 region. More material of this plant was collected and examined 

 than of any other violet here noted. 



Viola affinis Le Conte Ann. Lye. N. York, II. p. 138, (1828). 



Cleistogamous flowers of plants from Four Mile Bridge 

 north of Notre Dame were examined. The stamens are always 

 two. 



Viola candidula Nwd. Am. Mid. Nat. III., No. 4. p. 85 (1913) 



For details of apetalous flowers consult reference cited. 

 Stamens never more than two. The supposed abortive stamen 

 mentioned on page 91 is really the keel or lower petal as else- 

 where noted. 



Viola sagittata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 p. 287, (1789). 



Specimens from Webster's crossing (two separate localities) 

 were examined. The plants invariably have cleistogamous flowers 

 with only two stamens. The cleistogamous flowers of V. sagittata 

 are characterized by the long auricles of the sepals almost as in 

 V. cucullata. The flowers are at first strictly erect on erect ped- 

 uncles but about the time of fertilization become recurved, and 

 at the time of dehiscence become again erect. 



Subgenus VERBASCULUM (Genus of the ancients.) 



Viola lanceolata Linn. Sp. PI. p. 934 (1753). 



Flowers from plants were examined from various places. 

 Those collected in Brookland, D. C. in summer had but two 

 stamens. Plants collected early in the season at Crumstown and 

 Webster's Crossing, north of Notre Dame, had no trace of petals. 

 From the same place in fall as also from Mineral Springs, the 

 lower petal and traces of lateral petals were sometimes found. 

 Pollen tubes were found in this species as also in V. primulae- 

 folia Linn. 



Viola primulaefolia Linn. Sp. PI. p. 934, (1753). 



Plants were collected in the summer of 19 13 near a spring 



