STUDIES IN VIOLA 215 



Viola pubescens var. scabriuscida T. & G. Fl. N. Am. i, p. 

 142, (183S). 



Viola scabriuscula Schwein Britton and Brown 111. Fl. 2, 



p. 453, (1897). 



Though this and the following violet are caulescent, and the 

 stemmed violets have ordinarily five perfect stamens in their 

 cleistogamous flowers, these so called yellow violets have 

 only two. One or two extra abortive stamens are not unfrequently 

 found but not more than two perfect ones with both anthers. 



In a single instance was a third stamen found with an anther 

 having a few pollen grains and the other anther aborted to a 

 capitate gland. The lower petal and one or two lateral ones are 

 occasionally met with. 



Crocion pubescens (Ait.) Nov. Comb. 



Viola pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3, p. 290, (1789). 



Principally because of this remarkable difference in the 

 number of the stamens of the yellow caulescent violets are they 

 here segregated. Though the number of stamens in the cleisto- 

 gamous flowers of Chrysion biflorum (L,inn.) Spach could not be 

 studied we can not refer the American plants to Spach's genus 

 where they might be thought to belong by habit and other charac- 

 ters. There are, however, differences warranting their being taken 

 out of this genus and put in a new one. More detailed study of the 

 cleistogamous flowers of all the violets alone can decide the stand- 

 ing of those. The stamens in Crocion pubescens are only two! 



LoPHiON Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. V. p. 516, (1836). 



Viola Linn. 1. c. seg. 



The cleistogamous flowers of Lophion in the division Eulophion 

 do not appear immediately after the season of flowering of the 

 other vioU ts but are a gradual evolution of the spring petaliferous 

 ones. The petals become smaller and finally disappear leaving 

 occasionally only the lower petal, sometimes two lateral ones 

 and often all are wanting. Many of the cleistogamous flowers 

 are abortive, stamens are always five, fertile, spatulate, with the 

 terminal .appendage shaped nearly as in those of the other groups. 

 Plants of the group of V . rostrata cease to bloom sor>n and produce 

 cleistogamous flowers all the rest of the year until snowfall. 



Type Viola canadensis Linn. 



EULOPHION. 



