1911] Bryant: Horned Lizards of California and Nevada 31 
small group of conical spines is found on the tail just behind 
the thigh. This group of spines is situated just below the 
beginning of the one row of widely separated lateral spines 
which fringe the tail. The scales on the anterior surface of the 
limbs are large, pointed, and keeled. The tympanum is not 
covered with seales. A long series (12-18) of femoral pores is 
present on the anterior surface of the thigh (pl. 4, fig. 10). 
The males have enlarged postanal plates. See table of measure- 
ments for dimensions and proportions of the lizard. 
The color above is gray to brownish with undulate cross bands 
or irregular blotches of dark brown. Two large, dark brown 
patches are situated on each side of the neck, the upper edge being 
the darker. These patches give the appearance of shadows made 
by the horns (pl. 1, fig. 1; pl. 4, fig. 9). The head seales are 
usually yellowish or slate and the horns reddish or brown 
Below the color is yellowish to white and usually irregularly 
spotted with small dark patches (pl. 4, fig. 10). Young speci- 
mens are usually more brightly colored and show more distinct 
markings. For general color pattern see plate 4, figure 9. 
OsTEOLOGY 
Diagnostic Characters: Horns of occipital region well de- 
veloped, flattened and grooved; interoccipital horn small and 
sharp; supratemporal horns usually two on each element, the 
posterior the largest; jugals presenting three or four tuberos- 
ities each; postorbitals well developed; four bony tuberosities 
present in front of the occipital horns on the parietal region; 
mandibles forming acute angles at their symphyses; lower 
mandible with no bony tuberosities; quadrates long (6 mm.) ; 
coronoids heavy; basipterygoid processes strong; six or seven 
enlarged neural spines showing evidence of a rudimentary dorsal 
crest; xiphoid rods widely separated from third pair of sternal 
ribs; post temporal openings large. 
Description: The alveolar portion of the premaxillary (pre- 
masr., fig. D) borders the nostrils (nas. op.) for a short distance. 
The nasals (nas.) form but part of the arches over the same 
openings. The superciliary processes of the prefrontals (pre- 
fron.) are but little longer than those of the frontal (fron.) and 
