1911] Bryant: Horned Lizards of California and Nevada 51 
Genus Anota Hallowell emend. 
Doliosaurus Girard (1858), pp. 407-408. 
Phrynosoma, Cope (1866), p. 310. 
Diagnostic Characters.—Head short and abbreviated ; occip- 
ital and temporal regions bearing long, smooth spines; cephalic 
plates small and polygonal; nostrils anterior; sublabial spines 
large and acute; gular scales small; upper surface of body com- 
paratively smooth, the numerous spinose seales of Phrynosoma 
being greatly reduced in size; body fringed with a triple row of 
peripheral spines; tail flat; auricular apertures usually concealed 
by scales; supratemporal openings absent ; well-developed trans- 
verse processes on the caudal vertebrae. 
Description—Hallowell (1852) recognized in the species 
maccalli a form which differed widely from any horned lizard 
known at that time, and so placed it in a new genus which he 
termed Anota. He based the division primarily on the character 
of the auricular aperture, the opening being concealed by seales. 
This character not being diagnostic, many subsequent writers 
have classed the type of Anota (Anota maccalli) in the genus 
Phrynosoma (Cope, 1866; Boulenger, 1885; Van Denburgh, 
1897: Ditmars, 1907). Cope (1898), using the single character 
of the ear opening, included in this genus the species modestum, 
calidiarum, goodei, and platyrhinos. The present study has 
shown the character of the ear opening to vary greatly in the 
species named, some specimens showing the opening entirely 
closed, whereas others show it to be but partly closed. Even 
should this character be considered valid, yet the species maccalli 
shows such distinet characters that it should be separated from 
all other forms of horned lizards found in the United States. 
The subgeneric name proposed by Girard (1858) includes with 
maccalli the species platyrhinos and modestum, but his rejection 
of the name Anota, simply because it described a structure as 
developed in one of the species only, cannot be supported. The 
grouping together of the desert species as proposed by Girard 
and Cope would make an admirable division did these species 
