1911] Bryant: Horned Lizards of California and Nevada 25) 
for two millimeters; postischial symphysial cartilage short 
(3 mm.) and not bifid. 
Description: The alveolar portion of the premaxillary ( pre- 
mac., fig. A) does not border the nostrils (nas. op.). The nasals 
(nas.) have a short obtuse process directly over the nasal opening. 
The superciliary processes from the frontal (fron.) are short and 
sharp; those from the prefrontals (prefron.) end in a sharp 
point above the middle of the orbit (orb.). The two rudimentary 
occipital horns (occ. h.) are widely separated. An interoecipital 
spine is represented by an enlarged, obtusely pointed seale. The 
horns on each supratemporal element (swpratemp. h.) are three 
in number and the posterior ones extend farther back than the 
occipital horns. The pineal foramen (pin. for.) is at the coronal 
suture. The postorbitals (postorb.) have very broad articula- 
tions with the supratemporals (swpratemp.) and jugals (jug.) 
and less broad ones with the frontal and parietal (par.). The 
broad processes for the latter articulations are turned at night 
angles to the processes for articulation with the former. There 
are no spinous processes on the jugals. The nearly vertical 
quadrates are long and narrow with deep conchs. The palatine 
foramen is long (3-4mm.,) and narrow. The upper part of the 
epipterygoids runs along the petrosal for about two millimeters. 
All of the elements making up the inferior mandible are thick 
and heavy. Meckel’s groove is short. Cope (1898) states that 
the surangular is ossified to the articular in this species, but the 
writer’s specimen showed a well-defined suture. 
The supratemporal openings (swpratemp. op.) are large. The 
nasal apertures (nas. op.) are lateral (pl. 2, fig. 2). 
There is no evidence of a dorsal crest, the neural spines being 
very nearly equal in size. The transverse processes of the caudal 
vertebrae are short and are absent on the last five or six verte- 
brae. The first pair is only a little shorter than the second and 
third pair. Three sternal ribs articulate with the sternum (pl. 8, 
fig. 17). The postischial symphysial cartilage is three millimeters 
long and is not bifid. 
Phrynosoma douglassi, which is the smallest of the horned 
lizards, has three recognized subspecies, P. douglassi douglassi 
