1912] Ritter: The Marine Biological Station of San Diego — 227 
not anything else whatever. It is not religion, it is not phil- 
osophy, it is not art of any kind, it is not mathematics, it is not 
commerce. At the same time, equally true is it that science 
never has existed nor can it be conceived wholly apart from the 
world of other interests. For instance, science simply could not 
be without objects of nature to operate on, and appliances such 
as instruments and chemicals and literature to work with. And 
more interesting still from the standpoint of method, verification 
and confirmation (almost always by more than one worker) are 
entirely essential to science. Science is as certainly communal 
as it is individual. 
The communal functions of science on the material side are 
sufficiently recognized in what is known as Modern Civilization. 
The incalculable worth of ‘‘applied science,’’? commonly so-called, 
for human life under this type of culture is questioned to only 
a negligible extent. There is no need of either exposition or 
apologetic on behalf of this aspect of science. 
Not so with science in its relation to the higher, the spiritual 
life of man. Looked at from this standpoint it is truly surprising 
that the value attached to science should be so largely that of 
physical utility. To be sure, there is a rather general recognition 
that science, or certain aspects of it, is valuable for mental 
discipline, especially of the powers of observation. It is allowed, 
too, that science has an important function in delivering men 
from superstition. Beyond this little is claimed for science as a 
contributor to the higher needs and life of humanity. All along 
the line, educators, publicists, clergymen, politicians, journalists, 
and, surprisingly, scientific men themselves, appear to take it for 
granted that the office of science is primarily to minister to 
man’s bodily needs, and secondarily to sharpen his wits. If 
anything beyond this comes from it, so current opinion holds, 
this is wholly incidental and secondary. 
My belief is that science must justify its right to live and 
flourish, not alone in its ministrations to physical well-being, but 
also to the higher and highest reaches of man’s nature. While 
I do not for a moment subseribe to the view held by a few, that 
science is everything, that by-and-by it will supplant religion, 
philosophy, ethies, art, and the rest, I am fully persuaded that 
