- THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 87 
“Fig. 2. Seedling further advanced than in the preceeding figure 
The primary root is degenerating (Pr.) showing also secondary roots (Se.), 
cotyledon scars (Cs.), leaf scars (Ls.) and stipular scales (Ss.). 
Fig. 3. Lateral (A) and front (B) view of seedling in the second sea- 
son’s growth. (Pr.) remnant of the primary root, (Sr.) secondary roots, 
(R. H.) rootstock (rhizome), (C. S.) cotyledon scars, (F.L.) leaf sear 
(I.N.) first internode, (I.N’.) second internode, (S.S) stipular scales, and 
(L) young leaf. 1 
Fig. 4. A much advanced seedling showing (L.S.) leaf scars which 
mark plainly the nodes and internodes of the rootstock. (S.R.) Secondary 
roots, (C.S.), cotyledon scars and (P.R.) primary root. 
Fig. 5. Old roots in the state of degeneration giving rise to plants by 
“vegetative propagation.” 
Fig. 6. Cross section ef primary root. (Ep.) epidermis, (Hy.) hypo- 
dernis, (Cp.) cortical parenchyma, (End.) endodermis, (Pe.) pericycle, 
(Phad.) protohadrome (protoxylem), (Mhad.) metahadrome (metaxylem), 
(Lep.) leptome (phloem). 
Fig. 7. Cross section of a primary root somewhat advanced in growth 
showing a fibrovascular supply to a lateral branch (L.B.). (Ep.) epidermis, 
(End.) endodermis, (Cp.) cells of the cortical region, (P.L.) protoleptome, 
(Cam.) cambium, (S. H.) seeondary hadrome (secondary xylem), (S.L.) 
secondary leptome (secondary phloem). The protohadrome and metahadrome 
vessels are represented with heavy dark walls in the centre of the stele. 
Fig. 8. Cross section of the hypocotyl. (Ep.) epidermis, (End.) 
endodermis, (Cp.) cortical parenchyma, (P. Lep.) protoleptome, (Cam.) 
cambium, (S. Lep.) secondary leptome, (S.Had.) secondary hadrome, 
(P.Had.) protohadrome and metahadrome vessels, (I.S.) intercellular 
spaces. 
Fig. 9. Cross section of a petiole of a cotyledon. (Vs.) Cells in the 
state of division to form a vascular strand, one on either side of the centrally 
placed fibrovascular bundle. (Lep.) leptome, (Had.) hadrome, (Co.) 
cortical parenchyma, (Ep.) epidermis. : 
Fig. 10. Cross section of a cotyledon. (Ep.) Upper epidermis, (Pp.) 
palisade parenchyma, (Sp.) spongy parenchyma, (Ep’.) lower epidermis, 
(St.) stoma, (Had.) hadrome, (Lep.) leptome. 
Fig. 11. Surface view of the epidermis with stomata. Upper and lower 
faces are alike in all respects. 
Fig. 12. Cross section of the epicotyl. (Ep.) epidermis, (Cp.) cortical 
cells with many starch grains (St.), (End.) endodermis, (Med.) medulla, 
(Had.) hadrome, (Lep.) leptome, (Cam.) cambium. 
Fig. 13. Cross section of ati old root. (Ep.) dermatogen, (Hy.) hypoder- 
mis, (St.) starch within the cells of the cortex (Cp.), (End.) endodermis, 
(Lep.) leptome, (Had.) hadrome. 
Fig. 14. Longitudinal section of a mature root. (Ep.) dermatogen, 
(Hy.) hypodermis, (Cp.) cortical parenchyma, (En.) endodermis, (Pe.) 
pericycle, (L.) leptome, (H.) hadrome composed of scalariform pitted (1), 
