HABITS OF WATERLILY SEEDLINGS 295 
the jatter are notably larger and darker red and the stamens 
much more numerous. The crenate margined stigma has the 
lines in flower running to the edge, whereas in N. advena these 
do not reach the margin by one third or one fourth their length. 
The fruits of the last mentioned are deeply cratered and scarcely 
narrowed abruptly at the top. Whereas the fruits of the yellow 
pond lilies ripen above water or bend down eventually, the 
fertilized flowers of Nymphaea tuberosa are pulled down close to 
the bottom as the peduncle twists into a close spiral after the 
manner of JV alisneria pistillate-flowered peduncles. 
It was found impracticable to study seedlings of N. variegata 
because the plant always grew where N. advena was also found. 
There were, however, many places where the latter was exclu- 
sively to be found so that the seedlings obtained are with certainty 
those of the latter. Moreover, the plantlets of N. variegata which 
were indisputably such, were already too far advanced to show 
results, and too few to be worth while. 
The seedling of N. advena exhibits more differentiation in 
response to environment than any of the other water lilies. Like 
those of Brasenia and Nymphaea, seeds of Nuphar buried in mud 
either at the bottom of the pond [b.e.] or above the water line [f] 
send out an elongated epicotyl with the primary root. On 
emerging from the darkness in the mud, aquatic leaves are pro- 
duced which are thin and evanescent, their size varying as the 
depth of water or consequent absence of strong light. The first 
blade-bearing leaf is narrowly lanceolate to linear and the succeed- 
ing ones become broader and more orbicular and finally cordate 
obtuse at the apex or rounded, with reniform base, and with 
_more or less rounded basal lobes. When found in deep water the 
submerged leaves are in texture and size like those of Nymphaea 
tuberosa, but of a yellowish green color. Leaves of plantlets of 
the same age in shallow clear water [d] are darker green and 
smaller. Seeds of the plant [c] not embedded in the mud of the 
bottom do not produce the characteristic elongated epicotyl. 
All Nuphar seedlings produce after the usual set of submerged 
leaves, one or two thick smaller floating leaves, as in Brasenta 
and Nymphaea. These are approximately miniatures as to shape 
and structure of mature leaves, but as they always float, they 
have no stomata on the lower face. An interesting characteristic 
of seedlings of N. advena not found in the others, Nynphaeceae 
