396 THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 
large papillae; anal smooth, supra-anal large, closely connected 
to anal; inner laminae of inner gills free, more or less, from the 
visceral mass; palpi small, connected half of their length antero- 
dorsad; marsupia formed by a few large ovisacs occupying pos- 
terior part of outer gills, reniform; branchial edge with a papillose 
caruncle; conglutinates solid, white, club-shaped, glochidia medium 
in size, semi-elliptic. 
SHELL CHARACTERS:—Shell very small, elliptic, rounded 
before, rather thick, disk smooth; beaks low, coarsely sculptured 
by regular concentric bars upcurved behind; epidermis dark 
cloth-like. 
MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS:—This is a good genus as now 
considered by Dr. Ortmann who treated it at first (1912, p. 337) as 
a subgenus for Eurynia, but even then he was inclined to consider 
it as merely conventional whether we use it generically or sub- 
generically. Carunculina is remarkable for its smaJlest sized shells, 
for its unique beak sculpture and for its peculiarly specialized 
mantle edge antero-ventrad to the branchial opening. It is well 
represented in this State by the type, parva, and although the 
writer has not personally collected tecxasensis and glans yet these 
two have been reported in such manner that they can be definitely 
listed. 
Carunculina parva (Barnes). 
(‘Liliput Shell.”’) 
Pi TIE Fie. 8c (PE ROVE, Pigs o5 Ad. 
1823— Unio parvus Barnes, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, pl. XIII, fig. 18 (outline). 
1900b—Lampsilis parvus Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXII, p. 564. 
1912b—Eyrynia (Carunculina) parva Ortmann, An. Car. Mus., VIII 
Pp. 338. 
ANIMAL CHARACTERS. 
NUTRITIVE STRUCTURES :— Branchial small, directed upward, 
with few but large papillae; anal also pointed upward, smooth, 
supra-anal present, closely but definitely connected by mantle 
edge; inner laminae of inner gills usually free from visceral mass 
about one-half of their length; palpi comparatively large, connected 
antero-dorsad about two-thirds of their length; color of soft parts 
tan-color except for a blackish or reddish border to mantle at 
branchial opening. 
REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES:—Marsupia kidney-shaped, con- 
