222 Geological Notes on the District North of Malhani. 



untenable, and it is demonstrated that the Outer or Southern 

 Fault runs along the foot of a well-marked line of scars near the 

 rifle-butts, and about half a mile north of the line adopted on 

 the Surrey map at the point where it crosses Scalebar Beck. 

 Attention has been directed to a number of faults belonging to 

 the N.W. and S.E. system, which cross the great limestone 

 plateau between the Inner and Outer Faults. It is not sug- 

 gested that all the faults have been described, but sufficient 

 has been done to make it clear that the great Scar Limestone 

 between the faults is little, if any, thicker than it is to the north. 



South of this Outer Fault, as now defined, comes the typical 

 Craven Lowland sections. It is with the utmost difficulty that 

 any correlation can be established between the Upland and 

 Lowland areas. Folded, faulted, crushed — obscured by a thick 

 mantle of drift — we have a country that might be described 

 by imagining the great fault scarp of the outer fault to be a 

 mighty sea cliff, at the foot of which lies the foundered frag- 

 ments that had fallen from its face. If the strain on the 

 imagination be not too great, then the mantle of drift would be 

 the sea washing up to the foot of the cliffs. No attempt will 

 be made here to discuss that Lowland area ; careful mapping 

 and the recognition of faunal divisions more precise than have 

 yet been determined* will be necessary before the complex 

 structure of the Craven Lowlands can be unravelled. 



The Great Scar Limestone between the faults is typical, 

 and can be directly correlated with its representative further 

 north. There is a considerable thickness of comparitively 

 unfossiliferous limestone of Lower Visean age, with beds con- 

 taining a rich Upper Visean fauna at the top, where denudation, 

 which has been very active, has not removed them. It was 

 by carefully noting the occurrence of these Upper Visean beds 

 and mapping the position of the faunal base, that the trend 

 and throw of the new faults were determined. It will be 

 possible to review some of the evidence during the visit of the 

 Yorkshire Naturalists' Union to Malham. 



Interesting though the evidence of the faulting might be, 

 it is the rarely mentioned eminence of Black Hill that deserves 

 most attention. Unfortunately the sections are rather obscure, 



* Since the above was written the writer has had an opportunit}- ot 

 visiting- many of the more striking- sections under the guidance of Dr. Albert 

 Wihnore, F.G. S., who is describing- the area. Several important divisions 

 have been estabHshed, and their local value is very evident. — C.J. 



Naturalist. 



