Cosmo Johns: Loiver Carboniferous Rocks of Mill Gill. 275 



seems possible. Now in the area south of the Craven I-'aults, 

 of which Pendle Hill might be regarded the centre, a thick 

 limestone of considerable extent accurs below the Millstone 

 Grit, and separated from the massif by a great mass of shales 

 with occasional limestones. Phillips did not discuss these 

 sections with his usual lucidity, and evidently recognised the 

 difficulties of the area. Dr. Wheelton Hind brought forward 

 convincing evidence that the Pendleside Limestone was the 

 equivalent of the Whittington Limestone. 



Now it has already been pointed out that Phillips unhesita- 

 tingly correlated the Limestone of Whittington with the Main 

 of Ingleboro'. li both these correlations be accepted as correct, 

 it will be found that all the difficulties of the problem of deter- 

 mining the relation between the Yoredale Series and the Pendle- 

 side Series disappear. The fauna which characterises the lower 

 Pendlesides has been obtained from beds vmquestionably of 

 Yoredale age. As Dr. Hind has established the identit\' of the 

 Pendleside and Lower Culm faunas, it is now possible to corre- 

 late these with the Yoredales. It has been mentioned that the 

 Main or Upper Scar Limestone is the highest of the Yoredale 

 Series in the area under discussion. This Limestone contains 

 a striking fauna including corals of an advanced type, and 

 indicating a level higher than anything recorded from the 

 Bristol area or South Wales. This coral fauna occurs in beds 

 above those in which the Pendleside fauna has been found. 

 The evidence is therefore consistent and the only conclusion 

 possible is that of the equivalence of the Lower Culm, the 

 Pendleside Series, and the Yoredale Series. 



A Tentative Classification. 



Phillips, who first described a typical section of what he 

 called the Yoredale Series, was led to draw the upper limit at 

 the top of the Main Limestone, thus throwing all the beds above 

 into the Millstone Grit. When the Survey officers mapped the 

 North of England, they found it necessary to draw the dividing 

 line at the base of the Ingleborough Grit, and thus included 

 the Chert beds and Fell Top Limestones in the Yoredale. 

 This classification, which was based on the examination of a 

 much wider area than Phillips had described, is unques- 

 tionably the correct one. The table on next page compares these 

 older classifications with the one now tentatively put forward. 



1910 July I. 



